尾矿管涌溃坝模式及下泄冲击特性试验研究

吴帅峰; 严俊; 蔡红; 肖建章; 杜继芳; 刘传鹏

doi:10.11779/CJGE202111021

尾矿管涌溃坝模式及下泄冲击特性试验研究 English Version

1.
中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京　100048
2.
山东工商学院管理科学与工程学院,山东　烟台　264005
3.
中国矿业大学（北京）力学与建筑工程学院,北京　100083

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2017YFC0804607

国家自然科学基金项目 U19A2049

详细信息

作者简介:
吴帅峰(1988— ),男,河南登封人,高级工程师,博士后,主要从事大坝岩土工程与冲击动力学等方面的研究。E-mail：wusf@iwhr.com

中图分类号: TU411
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-18
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-31

Experimental study on dam break mode of tailing piping and discharge impact characteristics

1.
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
2.
School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China;
3.
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 为分析尾矿管涌溃坝的演化规律,理清溃坝机理,揭示尾砂流下泄冲击特性,采用现场大型物理模型试验方法对尾矿库管涌溃坝全过程进行试验研究。结果表明：管涌形成冲刷通道,进而出现上部塌落、侧向冲刷的溃坝模式,溃口的发展经历了通道扩大、纵向下切和横向扩展3个过程,并基于此提出了7阶段的溃坝过程；尾砂流下泄速度随距离呈对数型衰减,并基于幂函数形式提出了涵盖冲击速度、密度、埋深的3参数的冲击力模型；尾砂流在坝体近端呈现下切冲刷,远端呈现沉积的特征,在弯道处由于流向转变的过程呈现外侧冲刷掏蚀,内侧沉积淤积的特性,并基于此提出了尾矿坝防护的建议。以上研究成果为尾矿库的防灾减灾提供理论基础。
- 尾矿库 /
- 管涌 /
- 溃口发展 /
- 下泄冲击 /
- 沉积特性
Abstract: In order to analyze the evolution law of tailing pipe break, clarify the mechanism of tailing dam break, and reveal the impact characteristics of tailing flow, a large-scale physical model test method is used to study the whole process of piping break of a tailing reservoir. The results show that the scour channel is formed by piping, and then the dam break mode of the upper collapse and lateral scour occurs. The development of the breach has gone through three processes: channel expansion, longitudinal undercutting and transverse expansion. Based on this, a 7-stage dam break process is proposed. The tailing flow velocity decays logarithmically with distance, and the 3-parameter impact force model including impact velocity, density and buried mode is as follows: the depth is proposed based on the power function form, and the dam break tailing flow presents undercutting erosion at the near end of the dam body and deposition at the far end. Due to the change process of flow direction at the turning point, it presents the characteristics erosion at the outer side and deposition at the inner side. Based on this, some suggestions for protection of tailing dams are put forward. The above research results may provide theoretical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of tailing ponds.
- tailing reservoir /
- piping /
- breach development /
- discharge impact /
- sedimentary characteristic

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图 1 试验区域设置

Figure 1. Test area

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图 2 尾矿坝试验模型设计

Figure 2. Model design of tests on tailing dam

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图 3 尾矿坝实体模型

Figure 3. Physical model for tailing dam

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图 4 库容水位曲线

Figure 4. Curve of water level

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图 5 尾矿砂颗分曲线

Figure 5. Grain-size distribution curve of tailings

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图 6 溃口演化及下泄过程记录网格

Figure 6. Record grids of breach evolution and discharge process

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图 7 尾砂流下泄冲击记录仪器安装

Figure 7. Installation of impact recording instrument for tailing discharge

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图 8 溃坝发展过程

Figure 8. Dam break development process

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图 9 水位下降与时间关系曲线

Figure 9. Relationship between water level and time

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图 10 各位置冲击力时程曲线

Figure 10. Time-history curves of impact force at each position

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图 11 最大流速随距离的衰减形式

Figure 11. Attenuation form of maximum velocity with distance

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图 12 流速与冲击力对应关系

Figure 12. Corresponding relationship between velocity and impact force

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图 13 溃坝前后倾斜摄影地理模型

Figure 13. Photographical geographical model for slope before and after dam break

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图 14 转弯区冲刷及沉积区划分

Figure 14. Division of erosion and sedimentary area in turning area

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图 15 冲刷严重区域位置

Figure 15. Areas with severe erosion

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图 16 转弯处冲刷特征

Figure 16. Erosion characteristics at turning point

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表 1 坝体各位置取样物理力学性质

Table 1 Physical and mechanical properties of sampling at each position of dam body

取样位置	含水率/%	密度/(g·cm^-3)	干密度/(g·cm^-3)	摩擦角/(°)	黏聚力/kPa
左坝肩	8.06	1.66	1.53	57.97	31.66
坝顶	9.57	1.69	1.55	50.21	32.45
右坝肩	6.65	1.75	1.64	61.44	36.06
左坝坡中	7.03	1.72	1.61	55.98	30.71
坝坡中	4.36	1.70	1.63	59.94	32.72
右坝坡中	6.53	1.67	1.57	57.27	30.90
左坝脚	6.29	1.82	1.71	58.09	35.27
右坝脚	5.84	1.79	1.69	57.97	31.38

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表 2 尾砂下泄流速与冲击力关系

Table 2 Relationship between velocity of tailing discharge and impact force

流速/(m·s^-1)	冲击力/kPa
1.62	17.14
1.79	21.69
2.21	19.17
2.60	22.64
3.08	26.58
4.67	44.08
5.44	57.29
6.18	73.96
6.54	85.22
8.03	137.43

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表 3 竖直渠道内的冲刷深度

Table 3 Scour depths in vertical channel

距坝址距离/m	原始高程/m	冲刷后高程/m	冲刷深度/cm
15	561.05	560.79	26
25	560.85	560.59	26
35	560.63	560.39	24
45	560.42	560.18	24
55	560.24	560.01	23

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