排水管堵塞引起的高铁隧道结构变形与渗流场特征模拟试验研究

李林毅; 阳军生; 高超; 王树英; 王子建; 相懋龙

doi:10.11779/CJGE202104014

排水管堵塞引起的高铁隧道结构变形与渗流场特征模拟试验研究 English Version

中南大学土木工程学院,湖南　长沙　410075

基金项目:

高铁联合基金项目 U1934211

国家自然科学基金项目 51878669

新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项 2018A03003

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目 2019zzts291

详细信息

作者简介:
李林毅(1994—),男,湖南郴州人,博士研究生。从事隧道工程防排水体系研究工作。E-mail: tunnel_lly@csu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
阳军生, E-mail: jsyang@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-04
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-31

Simulation tests on structural deformation and seepage field of high-speed railway tunnels under drainage clogging

School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China

摘要

摘要: 基于3D打印技术构建了高铁隧道结构及排水系统设施精细模型,提出了切实可行的隧道堵管模拟方法及模拟装置,依托典型病害案例开展了堵管病害相似模型模拟试验,探讨了在不同堵管条件、不同地层水头下隧道渗流场（隧道排水量、结构外水压力）及结构位移量的变化规律特征。研究结果表明：随堵塞程度加深,隧道排水量呈现先慢后快型下降趋势,具体为排水管堵塞率为50%前隧道排水量下降幅度较小,而堵塞率达50%后隧道排水量骤减直至不排水；底部结构隆起位移存在“隧底>内轨>外轨”的量值关系,且随堵塞程度加深隆起位移呈现先慢后快型增长趋势；受排水减少影响,堵管后结构外水压力逐步由“隧底最大,拱顶、拱腰次之,墙脚最小”的扇贝型分布转为“静水压”型分布；至全堵条件下地层水头40 m时试验位移结果与现场病害特征吻合良好,验证了上述模拟方法的可行性与有效性。研究成果以期为富水隧道堵管防治及类似病害评价提供借鉴与指导作用。
- 排水管堵塞 /
- 高铁隧道 /
- 仰拱隆起 /
- 渗流场 /
- 模拟试验 /
- 3D打印技术
Abstract: Based on 3D printing technology, a fine model for high-speed railway tunnel structure and drainage facilities is constructed, and a feasible simulation method for drainage clogging is put forward. Based on a typical disease case, a simulation test on drainage clogging is carried out, and under different conditions of drainage clogging and groundwater level, the seepage field (including drainage volume and external water pressure) and structural deformation are discussed. The results show that with the deepening of blockage, the drainage volume shows a slow downward trend and then a fast downward trend, and specifically, when the drainage pipe blockage is less than 50%, the tunnel drainage decreases slightly, and when the blockage is more than 50%, the tunnel drainage decreases sharply until no drainage occurs. The displacement of bottom structure uplift has the quantitative relation of "tunnel bottom > inner rail > outer rail", and with the increase of blockage degree, the uplift displacement slowly grows first and then fast grows. Affected by the reduction of drainage, the external water pressure of the structure gradually changes from "the maximum at the bottom, next at the crown and waist of the arch, and minimum at the foot of the wall" to the "hydrostatic pressure" distribution. The test results of displacement coincide well with the characteristics of field defects when the water head is 40 m and the drainage pipe is fully blocked, which verifies the feasibility and validity of the proposed simulation method. The research results may provide reference and guidance for prevention of pipe plugging and evaluation of similar defects of water-rich tunnels.
- drainage clogging /
- high-speed railway tunnel /
- invert heave /
- seepage field /
- simulation test /
- 3D printing technology

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图 1 病害时隧道排水情况

Figure 1. Drainage conditions during defects occurrence

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图 2 Vc级围岩支护结构断面图^[17]

Figure 2. Section diagram of Vc-grade support structure^[17]

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图 3 国内铁路隧道常用防排水体系^[18]

Figure 3. Common waterproof and drainage systems for railway tunnels in China^[18]

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图 4 高铁隧道3D打印制作流程

Figure 4. 3D printing process for high-speed railway tunnel

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图 5 排水系统3D打印制作流程

Figure 5. 3D printing process for drainage system

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图 6 排水管堵塞频发部位示意图

Figure 6. Frequent location of drainage pipe blockage

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图 7 堵塞头制作及使用流程

Figure 7. Fabrication and use process of pipe plugs

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图 8 渗流试验系统及其组成

Figure 8. Seepage test system and its composition

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图 9 测试元件布设情况

Figure 9. Layout of test sensors

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图 10 试验流程

Figure 10. Test procedure

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图 11 模型试验现场排水情况

Figure 11. Field drainage conditions of model tests

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图 12 模型试验排水量相关关系曲线

Figure 12. Correlation curves of drainage volume

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图 13 隧道结构外水压力测试结果

Figure 13. Test results of external water pressure

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图 14 隧道典型部位位移测试结果

Figure 14. Test results of displacement at typical locations

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图 15 试验数据汇总分析图

Figure 15. Summary analysis of test data

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表 1 模型试验主要相似关系

Table 1 Similar relationships in model tests

相似比		计算公式	量值
基础相似比	几何相似比	$C_{L} = L_{m} / L_{p}$	1∶40
	重度相似比	$C_{γ} = L_{m} / L_{p}$	1∶1
	渗透系数相似比	$C_{k} = L_{m} / L_{p}$	1∶1
渗流参数	地层水头相似比	$C_{H} = C_{L}$	1∶1
	渗透时间相似比	$C_{T} = C_{H} / C_{k}$	1∶40
	水压力相似比	$C_{P} = C_{γ} \cdot C_{H}$	1∶40
	渗流量相似比	$C_{Q} = C_{H}^{3} / C_{T}$	1∶1600
变形参数	弹性模量相似比	$C_{E} = C_{γ} \cdot C_{L}$	1∶40

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表 2 渗透系数测试结果

Table 2 Test results of permeability coefficient

试验组号	渗透系数/(cm·s^-1)	试验均值/(cm·s^-1)	现场值^[16]/(cm·s^-1)
1	1.06×10^-3	1.05×10^-3	1×10^-3
2	1.04×10^-3
3	1.04×10^-3

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表 3 各排水管打印模型尺寸参数

Table 3 Size parameters of drainage pipe model

类型	内径/mm	外径/mm	备注
环向排水管	2.5	4.5	—
纵向排水管	3.0	5.0	—
横向排水管	2.5	—	掏空预留于结构内,无需管壁加厚

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表 4 试验工况

Table 4 Test conditions

工况	地层水头高度/m	堵管程度
1	0	每组地层水头下包括5种堵塞程度细分工况,具体为全排、堵塞25%、堵塞50%、堵塞75%、全堵
2	10
3	20
4	30
5	40
6	50
7	60

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