Figures of the Article

• FDM mesh and information of excavation model
• Structural elements and component number
• Load transfer coefficients of intact piles at failure of different numbers of piles for sand model
• Calculation cases for single blocking unit
• Change of pile moments for case with non-reinforced piles
• Change of pile moments for case with 1 reinforced pile
• Change of horizontal earth pressure caused by failure of piles for case with 1 reinforced pile
• Change of pile moments for 2 reinforced piles case
• Change of pile moments for case with 3 reinforced piles
• Load transfer coefficients of intact piles at failure of different numbers of piles for clay model under excavation of 6 m
• Calculation cases for multiple blocking units
• Change of pile moments in case a
• Change of pile moments in case d
• Load transfer coefficients of intact piles at failure of different numbers of piles for clay model under excavation of 7.5 m
• Change of pile moments under excavation of 7.5 m
• Maximum moments of intact piles before and after failure of 4 piles in case b
• Comparison of load transfer coefficients of intact piles with reinforced piles with different stiffnesses in case b
• Comparison of load transfer coefficients of intact piles at failure of different numbers of piles in cases a-d
• Load transfer coefficients of intact piles at failure of different numbers of piles for clay model without capping beams
• Comparison of load transfer coefficients of intact piles for cases with intact or broken capping beams
• Moments and shear forces in capping beams at failure of 3 piles
• Change of pile moments in case b at automatic breaking of capping beams