Figures of the Article

• Transverse influence range of loosen zone
• Geometric model for loosen zone
• Evolution of loosen zone
• Stress distribution of differential soil strip under vertical slip plane
• Stress distribution of differential soil strip under arbitrary dip slip plane
• Relationship between slip plane dip angle α and lateral earth pressure coefficient K
• Stress balance of horizontal trapezoidal soil strip in loosen zone
• Relationship between number of discrete blocks and loose earth pressure at tunnel top
• Comparison between theoretical calculation and model test 1 under different ground loss ratios
• Comparisons between theoretical calculation and model test 2 under different ground loss ratios
• Relationship between internal friction angle φ and loose earth pressure at tunnel top $ {\sigma _{{\text{vm}}}} $
• Relationship between cohesion c and loose earth pressure at tunnel top $ {\sigma _{{\text{vm}}}} $
• Relationship between cover-to-diameter ratio C/D and loose earth pressure at tunnel top $ {\sigma _{{\text{vm}}}} $
• Evolution curves of loose earth pressure at tunnel top $ {\sigma _{{\text{vm}}}} $ with height of loosen zone