Shear mechanical properties of limestone structural plane under hydrodynamic force-dissolution
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摘要: 中国西南地区溶蚀岩体分布广泛。岩溶作用下，结构面强度持续劣化是影响岩体稳定性的重要因素之一。为探究溶蚀作用下结构面的演化特征，揭示岩溶作用对灰岩结构面剪切力学特性的影响，以武隆鸡尾山溶蚀岩质坡体为例，采用室内结构面渗流溶蚀试验和结构面直接剪切试验，并结合三维形貌光学扫描技术，阐明了水动力-溶蚀作用灰岩结构面的表观演化模式和剪切力学特性演化规律，揭示了水动力-溶蚀作用下结构面劣化机理。结果表明：灰岩结构面在化学溶蚀和物理冲蚀双重作用下，先后经历“点式选择性溶蚀—细槽线式稳定渗流溶蚀—优势管道流强烈溶蚀—壁面缓慢溶蚀”4个阶段；溶蚀过程中，灰岩结构面表面粗糙度指数和溶蚀率指标随时长增大而增大，并呈收敛趋势；直剪过程中，溶蚀结构面表现出初期锁固、后期剪摩阻滑的两阶段特征，且时间越长、应力水平越高，剪切硬化特征越显著；随溶蚀时间增长，结构面主要抗滑结构由刚性稳定微凸体发展为细微溶槽并最终演变为深大岩溶管道，其极限抗剪强度呈现出“先减小，后增大”的趋势；基于Barton公式建立了灰岩溶蚀结构面抗剪强度预测模型。Abstract: The dissolved rock mass is widely distributed in Southwest China. Under the action of karst, the continuous deterioration of structural plane strength is one of the important factors affecting the stability of rock mass. In order to explore the evolution characteristics of structural plane under dissolution and to reveal the influences of karstification on the shear mechanical properties of limestone structural plane, based on the example of the dissolution rock slope of Jiwei Mountain in Wulong, the apparent evolution patterns of limestone structural plane and the evolution laws of shear mechanical properties as well as the deterioration mechanism of structural plane are expounded by using the indoor seepage dissolution and direct shear tests on the structural plane and the three-dimensional morphology optical scanning technology. The results show that under the dual action of chemical corrosion and physical erosion, the limestone structural plane has experienced four stages: point selective dissolution, thin groove linear stable seepage dissolution, strong dissolution of dominant pipeline flow and wall slow dissolution. During the dissolution process, the surface roughness index and dissolution rate index of limestone structural plane increase with the increase of dissolution time, and exhibit a convergence trend. During the direct shear process, the corrosion structural plane shows two-stage characteristics of the initial locking and the later shear friction and sliding, and the longer the corrosion time and the higher the stress level, the more obvious the shear hardening characteristics. With the increase of the corrosion time, the main anti-sliding structure of the structural plane develops from a rigid stable microconvex to a fine solution groove and finally evolves into a deep karst pipeline, and its ultimate shear strength shows a trend of " first decreasing, then increasing". The prediction model for shear strength of limestone dissolution structural plane is established based on the Barton's formula.
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Keywords:
- karst /
- structural plane /
- shear characteristic /
- strength prediction model /
- roughness /
- Jiwei Mountain
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图 2 鸡尾山深大溶蚀结构面发育特征
Figure 2. Development characteristics of large dissolved structural planes in Jiwei Mountain
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图 4 结构面渗流溶蚀试验装置示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of structure plane seepage dissolution test devices
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图 8 不同溶蚀时长下结构面溶蚀情况
Figure 8. Surface erosions of structural plane under different corrosion durations
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图 9 溶蚀结构面表面溶蚀演化特征
Figure 9. Evolution characteristics of surface of corrosion structural plane
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图 10 结构面表面粗糙度指数溶蚀演化规律
Figure 10. Evolution laws of discontinuity surface roughness index dissolution
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图 11 不同溶蚀时长下结构面剪切特性曲线
Figure 11. Shear characteristic curves of discontinuities with different dissolution periods
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图 13 溶蚀结构面基本摩擦角拟合结果
Figure 13. Fitting results of basic friction angle of dissolving planes
表 1 不同工况下的溶蚀时长分布情况
Table 1 Dissolution duration distribution under different working conditions
工况编号 工况1 工况2 工况3 工况4 工况5 工况6 溶蚀时长/h 0 2 6 12 20 30 
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表 2 结构面直接剪切试验轴压试验值
Table 2 Axial compression test values of structural plane direct shear tests
轴压 低水平轴压 中等水平轴压 高水平轴压 压力值/MPa 2 4 6
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表 3 溶蚀结构面表面粗糙度演化特征
Table 3 Evolution characteristics of surface roughness of dissolved.discontinuities
溶蚀时长t/h 最大峰高Rp/mm 最大谷深Rv/mm 最大溶槽深度hmax/mm 表面粗糙度指数Ra/mm 0 0.153 0.282 0.435 0.074 2 0.274 0.323 0.597 0.081 6 0.387 0.924 1.311 0.106 12 0.485 1.001 1.486 0.113 20 0.495 1.250 1.745 0.117 30 0.506 1.681 2.187 0.119
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表 4 结构面溶蚀率与溶蚀时长对应关系表
Table 4 Relation between discontinuity dissolution rate and dissolution time
溶蚀时长/h 0 2 6 12 20 30 Ra 0.074 0.081 0.106 0.113 0.117 0.119 Cr 0.000 0.153 0.700 0.853 0.941 0.985
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表 5 不同溶蚀时长结构面极限抗剪强度
Table 5 Ultimate shear strengths of structural plane with different dissolution durations
溶蚀时长t/h 各轴压下极限抗剪强度τ/MPa 溶蚀率Cr 2 MPa 4 MPa 6 MPa 0 0.977 1.841 2.938 0 2 0.581 1.502 2.360 0.153 6 0.633 1.490 2.045 0.700 12 0.490 0.970 1.169 0.853 20 0.479 1.023 1.712 0.941 30 0.672 1.465 2.520 0.985
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表 6 预测值-试验结果对比情况
Table 6 Comparison between predicted values and test results
溶蚀时长/h 2 MPa 4 MPa 6 MPa 平均误
差/MPa试验值 预测值 试验值 预测值 试验值 预测值 0 0.977 0.973 1.841 1.946 2.938 2.920 0.043 2 0.581 0.797 1.502 1.594 2.360 2.390 0.113 6 0.633 0.744 1.490 1.488 2.045 2.231 0.100 12 0.490 0.477 0.970 0.955 1.169 1.432 0.097
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