Characteristics and mechanism of deformation of chair-shaped soil landslides in Three Gorges Reservoir area
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摘要: 自三峡库区蓄水以来,库区不少滑坡监测位移–时间曲线呈台阶状阶跃变化,靠椅状土质滑坡尤为明显,此现象加大了滑坡稳定状态的识别度,严重影响滑坡的预警预报。以白家包滑坡为例,通过多次野外地质调查、长期现场巡查、十多年的GPS位移监测数据、1 a多全自动监测数据及滑坡学相关理论等,较深入研究了在库水升降及降雨条件下该滑坡的变形演化规律。结果表明,在汛期及库水位升降时滑坡发生变形,库水位下降为诱发变形的主要因素,年位移量在35～250 mm,历年位移曲线呈“W”型波动,一次跃阶30～180 mm位移量集中在20～30 d完成。库水位下降25 m水位高程为150 m左右时,位移跃阶启动。库水位下降至145 m后1周,跃阶日位移达最大值5～8 mm/d。降雨只在库水位下降期间对滑坡的变形有一定的助推效果,在库水位上升期间,几乎没有影响。受靠椅状等坡体结构特征制约,在库水位升降作用下坡体会反复变形,但难以发生整体性大破坏。Abstract: Since its impoundment, the displacement-time curve of many landslides especially the chair-shaped soil ones in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has gradually changed, which makes the identification of stable state difficult and seriously affects the early warning and forecast of landslides. Based on the example of Baijiabao landslide, through many field geological surveys and long-term on-site inspections, and by use of more than 10 years of GPS displacement monitoring data, more than one year of fully automatic monitoring data and landslide theories, the deformation and evolution laws of the landslide under water fluctuations and rainfalls are studied in depth. The results show that the main factor inducing the deformation during the flood season and rise and fall of reservoir water level is the fall of reservoir waterlevel. The annual displacement is 35~250 mm, the historical displacement has a fluctuation of "W" type, and the first step of 30~180 mm of displacement is completed in about 20~30 d. When the water level of the reservoir drops by 25 m and the elevation of the water level is about 150 m, the displacement step starts. When the reservoir water level drops to 145 m, after one week the maximum displacement of the step is 5~8 mm/d. During the rise of the reservoir water level, the rainfall has no effect on the deformation of the landslide. Restricted by the structural characteristics of the chair-shaped slopes, the slope will be repeatedly deformed under the action of the rise and fall of water level, but it is difficult to cause overall damage.
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图 2 工程地质平、剖面图及监测布置图
Figure 2. Plane and engineering geology profile and monitoring layout
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图 4 监测点累积位移–库水位–降雨量耦合曲线
Figure 4. Cumulative displacement-Reservoir water level- rainfall coupling curves of monitoring points
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图 5 白家包滑坡监测点月位移–库水位–降雨量曲线
Figure 5. Monthly displacement-reservoir water level-rainfall curves
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图 8 2010年位移–库水位–日降雨量（7月、8月）曲线图
Figure 8. Displacement-reservoir water level-daily rainfall curves in 2010
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图 9 2017年位移–库水位–日降雨量（9月、10月）曲线图
Figure 9. Displacement-reservoir water level-daily rainfall curves in 2017
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