Experimental study on influence of plasticizer on fluidity of convection- solidified silt
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摘要: 相比传统回填材料，可控性能流态固化回填料（Performance-controlled fluidized solidified backfill material，PCFS材料）具有高流态、自密实等特点，能够有效避免因压实不充分导致的工程问题，特别适用于狭窄区域的回填。以淤泥为原材料，水泥为固化材料制备强度、流动性和凝结时间等性能可控的PCFS材料，通过流动度试验探讨了不同初始条件对PCFS的流动性的影响规律，为提升PCFS的流动性能，选择了木钙、萘系、聚羧酸3类减水剂，对3类减水剂提升PCFS流动性的效果进行对比分析。试验结果表明：PCFS的流动度和初始含水率之间存在线性正相关关系；水泥的掺入会导致PCFS流动度明显降低，且主要发生在水泥掺量≤2%时。3类减水剂对PCFS流动度的提升幅度从大到小依次为聚羧酸＞萘系＞木钙，其中聚羧酸和木钙的掺入会引入气泡，萘系和木钙的“饱和掺量”分别为2%，4%。水泥掺量不同又会使得3类减水剂提升流动度的效果产生明显差异，水泥掺量的增大使得木钙的提升效果降低，对于聚羧酸的影响则较小，而对于萘系则表现出了“反常效应”。最后讨论了“饱和掺量”和“反常效应”的成因，并提出了初始含水率2wL、5%水泥掺量条件下PCFS的流动度表达公式。Abstract: Compared with the traditional backfill materials, the performance-controlled fluidized solidified (PCFS) backfill materials are characterized by high flow state and self-compaction, which can effectively avoid engineering problems caused by insufficient compaction, especially for backfill in narrow areas. Using silt as raw materials and cement as curing materials, the PCFS materials with controllable properties such as strength, fluidity and setting time are prepared. The influences of different initial conditions on the fluidity of the PCFS materials are discussed through the flow tests. In order to improve the flow performance of the PCFS materials, three water reducing agents, calcium lignosulfonate, naphthalene superplasticizer and polycarboxylate superplasticizer, are selected, and the effects of three water reducing agents on improving the flow of the PCFS materials are compared and analyzed. The results show that there is a positive linear correlation between the fluidity of the PCFS materials and the initial water content. The addition of cement will lead to a significant decrease in the fluidity of the PCFS materials, which mainly occurs when the cement content is less than 2%. The increasing range of fluidity of the PCFS materials by the three water-reducing agents is from large to small in the order of polycarboxylate superplasticizer > naphthalene superplasticizer > calcium lignosulfonate, wherein the incorporation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and calcium lignosulfonate will introduce bubbles, and the "saturated content" of naphthalene superplasticizer and calcium lignosulfonate is 2% and 4%, respectively. Different cement contents will make the three kinds of water-reducing agent to improve the flow effects have a significant difference. The increase of cement content reduces the effects of the calcium lignosulfonate, has samll effects on the polycarboxylate superplasticizer, and shows " anomalous effects" on the naphthalene superplasticizer. Finally, the causes of "saturation content" and "anomalous effects" are discussed, and the expression formula for fluidity of the PCFS materials under the initial water content of 2wL and cement content of 5% is proposed.
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Keywords:
- silt /
- PCFS /
- plasticizer /
- fluidity /
- fluidity expression formula
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图 3 不同含水率下PCFS流动度的试验照片
Figure 3. Test photos of fluidity of PCFS under different water contents
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图 4 原泥和PCFS流动度与初始含水率的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between fluidity of silt and PCFS and initial water content
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图 5 不同水泥掺量下PCFS流动性的试验照片
Figure 5. Test photos of fluidity of PCFS under different cement content
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图 6 PCFS流动度与水泥掺量的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between fluidity of PCFS and cement content
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图 8 木钙减水剂对PCFS流动度的影响
Figure 8. Influences of calcium lignosulfonate on fluidity of PCFS
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图 9 萘系减水剂对PCFS流动度的影响
Figure 9. Influences of naphthalene superplasticizer on fluidity of PCFS
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图 10 聚羧酸减水剂对PCFS流动度的影响
Figure 10. Influences of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on fluidity of PCFS
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图 11 PCFS试验过程照片（掺入聚羧酸）
Figure 11. Photos of test process of PCFS (adding polycarboxylate superplasticizer)
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图 12 三类减水剂对PCFS流动度的提升效果
Figure 12. Improvement effects of three types of water-reducing agents on fluidity of PCFS
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图 13 2wL、5%水泥初始条件下的拟合曲线
Figure 13. Fitting curves under initial water content of 2wL and cement content of 5%
表 1 试验用淤泥主要物理性质指标
Table 1 Main physical property indexes of test silt
w/
%Gs 黏粒含量/% wL/
%wP/
%IP/
%有机质含量/% 80.5 2.72 27.9 56.2 20.7 35.5 0.75 
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表 2 淤泥初始含水率和水泥掺量设计
Table 2 Design of initial water content of silt and cement content
初始含水率 水泥掺量/% 2.0wL 0 1 2 5 10 15 2.5wL 0 1 2 5 10 15 3.0wL 0 1 2 5 10 15 4.0wL 0 1 2 5 10 15 注：水泥掺量为占淤泥总质量的百分数。
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表 3 减水剂种类及其掺量设计
Table 3 Types and dosage design of water reducing agents
减水剂名称 掺量设置/% 木钙减水剂 0，1，2，3，4 萘系减水剂 0，0.5，1，1.5，2，3 聚羧酸减水剂 0，0.2，0.4，0.5，0.6，0.8，1 注：减水剂掺量为占淤泥总质量的百分数。
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表 4 PCFS流动度-含水率的线性关系拟合结果
Table 4 Fitting results of linear relationship between fluidity and water content of PCFS
水泥掺量/% 式（1） a b R2 1 138.5 -152.8 0.999 2 138.5 -186.2 0.993 5 138.5 -194.0 0.992 10 138.5 -198.5 0.993 15 138.5 -199.3 0.993
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表 5 PCFS流动度与水泥掺量关系拟合结果
Table 5 Fitting results of relationship between fluidity of PCFS and cement content
初始含水率 式（2） D0 A R2 2.0wL 97.7 128.0 0.997 2.5wL 149.0 188.6 0.999 3.0wL 215.7 189.1 0.998 4.0wL 371.5 111.0 0.997
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