Abstract: As a traditional green low-carbon foundation reinforcement technology, timber piles have been widely used in soft foundation treatment of buildings in China and Abroad since ancient times. However, domestic and foreign scholars have little research on timber pile composite foundations, and the current national and industry-related building foundation technical standards also have no relevant provisions on the design and calculation of timber pile composite foundation, which greatly restricts the popularization and application of timber pile technology. Based on model tests, this paper investigates the mechanism and engineering characteristics of timber pile composite foundations. Key findings include the load-bearing behavior of timber pile composite foundations, the relationship between pile deformation characteristics and slenderness ratio, the anisotropic properties and physico-mechanical behaviors of pile materials under different moisture contents and engineering characteristics like pile-soil relative stiffness.