Abstract: Damage caused by disturbances in deep rockmass is a key factor triggering dynamic hazards such as rockbursts. In this study, triaxial loading and acoustic emission (AE) tests are conducted on granite, and the response characteristics of AE during the granite failure process are analyzed. To better characterize the cumulative damage effects of rock crack expansion, the concept of the AE spatial-accumulated energy release coefficient (AE SAERC) is introduced. A 3D Kriging interpolation method is employed to visualize and quantify the extent of rock damage. The results show that the ordinary Kriging 3D interpolation algorithm, based on a spherical model, provides optimal performance in visualizing rock damage. It effectively demonstrates the evolution of different damage zones in granite during progressive failure. Its rationality is further validated through CT scanning technology. Additionally, this study analyzes the volume proportions of non-damage zone (NDZ), low-damage zone (LDZ), moderate-damage zone (MDZ), and high-damage zone (HDZ). A combination weighting method, integrating the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, is used to define the 3D rock damage factor. This process enables quantitative characterization of rock at various stages of damage. This study not only enhances the theoretical framework of rock damage but also offers new insights for monitoring rock mass stability and disaster early warning in underground engineering.