微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀修复镉污染尾矿试验研究

江昭明; 陈永贵; 付俊; 周罕; 文子豪

doi:10.11779/CJGE20240242

微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀修复镉污染尾矿试验研究 English Version

江昭明^1,,
陈永贵^1, ,,
付俊^{1, 2},
周罕²,
文子豪¹

1.
同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑与工程系, 上海 200092
2.
中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司, 云南昆明 650051

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42125701

上海市科技创新行动计划项目 22DZ2201200

云南省万人计划产业技术领军人才科技项目云发改人事〔2019〕274号

中铝国际重点科研项目 CJ2021JS-06

详细信息

作者简介:
江昭明(1998—)，男，硕士，主要从事微生物环境地质的研究工作。E-mail: jzm66@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈永贵, E-mail: cyg@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU43;X53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-16
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-28
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-31

Experimental study on remediation of cadmium-contaminated tailings using microbial-induced carbonate precipitation

1.
College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2.
Kuming Prospecting Design Institute of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Co., Ltd., Kunming 650051, China

摘要

摘要: 微生物诱导的碳酸钙沉淀（MICP）是修复重金属污染场地的有效技术。采用巴氏芽孢杆菌对镉污染尾矿进行固化修复试验，研究了胶结次数、细菌浓度、胶结液浓度、温度对镉污染尾矿浸出特性的影响，结合微生物群落结构变化、微观分析揭示了MICP修复污染土机制。结果表明：经过12次MICP处理后能有效钝化尾矿中的Cd²⁺，在30℃、OD₆₀₀=1.5、胶结液浓度为0.5 mol/L条件下诱导生成的合适晶体尺寸的碳酸钙能在尾矿孔隙中均匀分布，碳酸钙中结构稳定的方解石含量较高，处理后尾矿中八叠球菌属丰度达到78.68%，固化与修复效果较好。MICP通过生物吸附、生物沉淀、碳酸钙吸附、晶格掺杂（包括取代掺杂和间隙掺杂）以及共沉淀作用，完成了对重金属的有效钝化。研究结果对优化MICP技术及其应用于重金属污染土修复具有重要意义。
- 微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀 /
- 镉 /
- 浸出特性 /
- 污染修复 /
- 钝化机制
Abstract: The microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is recognized as a promising method for remediating the sites contaminated with heavy metals. The remediation potential of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated tailings using Sporosarcina pasteurii is investigated, assessing the effects of cementation frequency, bacterial concentration, cementation solution concentration and temperature on the leaching properties of tailings. The analyses of microbial community structure shifts and microanalytical techniques are integrated to elucidate the MICP mechanisms in soil remediation. The results demonstrate effective cadmium (Cd²⁺) passivation after 12 MICP treatments. The optimal conditions for calcium carbonate formation include 30 ℃ temperature, OD₆₀₀=1.5 bacterial concentration, and a cementation solution concentration of 0.5 mol/L, ensuring uniform dispersion within pores of tailings. The predominant calcium carbonate form is structurally stable calcite, with Bacterium octococcum spp. comprising 78.68% of the remediated tailings, confirming successful solidification and remediation. The MICP achieves heavy metal passivation through the mechanisms such as biosorption, bioprecipitation, calcium carbonate adsorption, lattice doping (including substitution and interstitial doping) and co-precipitation. The results are of great significance for the optimization of the MICP technology and its application in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
- microbial-induced calcite precipitation /
- Cd /
- leaching characteristic /
- pollution remediation /
- passivation mechanism

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图 1 尾矿砂颗粒级配曲线

Figure 1. Grain-size distribution curve of tailings sand particle

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图 2 不同胶结次数下尾矿砂柱对比图

Figure 2. Comparison of tailings sand columns by cementation count

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图 3 胶结次数对修复尾矿的影响

Figure 3. Effects of cementation count on remediation of tailings

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图 4 细菌浓度对修复尾矿的影响

Figure 4. Effects of bacterial concentration on remediation of tailings

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图 5 胶结液浓度对修复尾矿的影响

Figure 5. Effects of cementation solution concentration on remediation of tailings

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图 6 温度对修复尾矿的影响

Figure 6. Effects of temperature on remediation of tailings

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图 7 微生物群落组成分布

Figure 7. Distribution of microbial community composition

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图 8 物种聚类的属水平物种组成热图

Figure 8. Heat map of genus-level species clustering

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图 9 MICP修复前后尾砂FTIR、XPS和XRD谱图

Figure 9. FTIR, XPS and XRD spectra of tailings before and after MICP remediation

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图 10 MICP处理前尾砂SEM-EDS图

Figure 10. SEM-EDS plot of tailing sand before MICP treatment

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图 11 MICP修复镉污染尾砂后SEM-EDS图

Figure 11. SEM-EDS plot after MICP remediation of Cd- contaminated tailing sand

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图 12 MICP钝化重金属机制示意图

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of mechanism of MICP passivation of heavy metals

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表 1 尾矿砂主要化学成分

Table 1 Main components of tailings sand 单位：%

K₂O	TiO₂	Na₂O	CaO	MgO	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	SiO₂
1.42	1.73	5.02	5.55	5.72	15.07	19.95	43.85

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表 2 Cd污染尾矿修复方案

Table 2 Remediation programme of Cd-contaminated tailings

因素变量	变量范围	其他条件
胶结次数	4，6，8，10，12	30℃、OD₆₀₀=2.0、胶结液浓度0.5 mol/L
温度/℃	20，30，40	胶结12次、OD₆₀₀=2.0、胶结液浓度0.5 mol/L
细菌浓度（OD₆₀₀）	0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0	胶结12次、30℃、胶结液浓度0.5 mol/L
胶结液浓度/(mol·L^-1)	0.25，0.50，0.75，1.00	胶结12次、30℃、OD₆₀₀=2.0

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表 3 微生物群落结构变化试验方案

Table 3 Test scheme of change of microbial community structure

编号	组名	试验操作
A	巴氏芽孢杆菌对照组	OD₆₀₀ > 2.0菌液在4000 r/min下离心20 min得到的菌种沉淀
B1	尾砂对照组	500 g尾砂经过7 d的每日100 mL蒸馏水持续灌入
B2	生物刺激组	500 g尾砂经过7 d的每日100 mL灭菌后的CASO培养基持续灌入
B3	菌液修复组	500 g尾砂经过7 d的每日50 mL OD₆₀₀约为2.0菌液以及50 mL 0.5 mol/L胶结液持续灌入

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表 4 菌群微生物多样性指数表

Table 4 Microbial diversity indices of flora

样品	Chao1	Simpson指数	Shannon指数	均匀度指数	微生物覆盖率
A	48.61	0.221	0.689	0.129	0.9997
B1	939.3	0.948	6.836	0.696	0.9973
B2	508.3	0.963	6.025	0.670	0.9996
B3	59.56	0.517	1.997	0.341	0.9998

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