Development and properties of a magnetic high-titanium lunar regolith simulant IRSM-1
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摘要: 对月球的探测已进入以月球原位资源利用（ISRU）为主的新阶段，系统掌握月壤特殊的力学响应与工程特性对月球资源开发利用具有重要意义。迄今为止，绝大多数针对月壤及模拟月壤性质的试验研究都是在地球上开展的，忽略了月面环境，尤其是低重力环境对这些性质的影响。地质力学磁力模型试验可以结合磁性相似材料模拟月面g/6的低重力环境。由于目前已有的模拟月壤磁性极弱，无法满足磁力模型试验的要求。因此，研制了一种具有一定磁性的高钛模拟月壤IRSM-1并测试了该模拟月壤的成分及性质。将测试结果与部分月壤及模拟月壤的性质进行了对比分析。结果表明：IRSM-1模拟月壤的化学矿物成分与高钛月壤相似，其物理力学特性在月壤的范围之内，较好地还原了真实月壤的基本特性。此外，IRSM-1还具有一定的磁性，可以作为磁力模型试验的相似材料。
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关键词:
- 月球原位资源利用 /
- 月壤 /
- 地质力学磁力模型试验 /
- IRSM-1模拟月壤
Abstract: The moon exploration has progressed into the stage of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Systematically understanding the unique mechanical response and engineering characteristics of the lunar regolith is crucial for the development and exploitation of lunar resources. Most experimental studies on the properties of lunar regolith and its simulants have been conducted on Earth, disregarding the impact of lunar environment, particularly the low gravity, on these properties. The geomechanical magnetic model test, which uses magnetic similar materials, can simulate the low-gravity environment of the lunar surface. However, the existing lunar regolith simulants have weak magnetism and cannot meet the requirements of the magnetic model tests. Thus, a high-titanium lunar simulant IRSM-1 with magnetic properties is introduced, and its composition and properties are tested. The test results are then compared with those of some lunar regolith and existing simulants. The findings reveal that the chemical and mineral compositions of the IRSM-1 simulant is similar to those of the high-titanium lunar regolith, and their physical and mechanical properties are within the range of lunar regolith, which accurately replicates the fundamental characteristics of the real lunar regolith. Moreover, the IRSM-1 simulant has certain magnetism and can be employed as a similar material for magnetic model tests. -
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图 3 月壤样品及部分模拟月壤颗粒级配曲线
Figure 3. Grain-size distribution curves of lunar regolith and its simulants
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图 4 IRSM-1模拟月壤三轴压缩条件下的应力应变曲线
Figure 4. Stress-strain curves of IRSM-1 under triaxial compression
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图 5 不同相对密实度下IRSM-1模拟月壤的压缩曲线
Figure 5. Compression curves of IRSM-1 at different relative densities
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图 6 不同Fe3O4含量的IRSM-1模拟月壤磁化曲线
Figure 6. Magnetization curves with different contents of Fe3O4
表 1 原材料及月壤矿物成分
Table 1 Mineralogical compositions of materials and lunar regolith
名称 矿物成分 火山灰 斜长石、辉石、橄榄石等 钛磁铁矿 钛铁矿、磁铁矿、辉石等 IRSM-1 斜长石、辉石、钛铁矿、磁铁矿等 Apollo 17样品[2] 斜长石、辉石、钛铁矿、玻璃等 
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表 2 原材料及月壤化学成分
Table 2 Chemical compositions of raw materials and lunar regolith
化学
成分火山灰 钛磁铁矿 月壤样品71, 061[3] Apollo 17a[2] IRSM-1 SiO2 49.41 11.99 40.09 41.2 40.24 TiO2 3.24 24.73 9.32 8.40 8.95 Al2O3 18.00 4.82 10.70 12.0 14.89 FeO 13.39 41.42 17.85 16.7 23.19 MnO 0.18 0.33 0.24 0.23 0.27 MgO 3.38 8.89 9.92 9.90 3.53 CaO 6.70 3.23 10.59 10.9 6.26 Na2O 2.14 0.21 0.36 0.35 — K2O 2.50 0.01 0.08 0.16 1.87 P2O5 0.62 0.03 0.07 0.14 0.30 S 0.14 4.05 0.13 0.12 1.31 总计 99.69 99.69 99.35 100.1 99.69
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表 3 IRSM-1与部分月壤的相对质量密度、密度和孔隙比
Table 3 Comparison of specific gravity, density and void ratio
名称 相对质量密度 密度/(g·m-3) 孔隙比 ρmin ρmax emin emax IRSM-1 3.26 1.26 1.99 0.64 1.59 Apollo 11 3.10 1.36 1.80 0.67 1.39 Apollo 14 2.93 0.87 1.60 0.87 2.37 Apollo 15 3.24 1.10 1.93 0.71 1.94 Apollo 17 1.57 2.29
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表 4 IRSM-1及其它模拟月壤的力学特性
Table 4 Mechanical properties of IRSM-1 and other simulants
名称 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 压缩指数Cc IRSM-1 0.90 44.34 0.036~0.13 月壤 0.3~2.1 35~47 0.05~0.3 TJ-1 0.86 47.6 0.086 KLS-1 1.85 44.91 0.29
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