Simple shear tests and mechanical properties of interface between extrusion wall and cushion layer of high concrete face rockfill dams
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摘要: 21世纪以来高面板堆石坝多采用挤压墙施工技术，研究挤压墙-垫层料接触面力学特性以真实预测面板应力变形对于确保大坝安全相当重要。目前锯齿状挤压墙-垫层料接触面的单剪试验和离散元仿真成果均未见到。为此以某200 m级高坝为参照，开展挤压墙-垫层料接触面大型单剪试验，比较了锯齿状和平面状两种不同型式挤压墙-垫层料接触界面力学特性的差异。首次采用离散元数值单剪试验分析了接触区垫层料的位移特征及其影响因素，发现与平面状挤压墙相比，锯齿状挤压墙导致垫层料颗粒发生更剧烈的转动并导致靠近接触面的垫层料变形加大。基于锯齿状挤压墙-垫层料接触面的单剪试验成果确定了接触面本构模型及其参数，有助于提高面板堆石坝的面板应力变形计算准确性。Abstract: The extrusion wall technology has been widely used in high concrete face rockfill dams in the 21th century. It is very important for dam safety to study the mechanical properties of the contact surface between the extrusion wall and the cushion layer for actually predicting the stress and deformation behavior of the face slab. At present, the simple shear tests and discrete element simulation investigations related to the contact face between the zigzag extrusion wall and the cushion layer are not available. Therefore, taking a 200 m-level dam as a reference, the large-scale simple shear tests of the contact surface between the extrusion wall and the cushion layer materials are carried out, and the mechanical properties of contact surfaces with zigzag and planar extrusion walls are compared and analyzed. The shear deformation and rotation characteristics and influencing factors of the cushion layer materials are analyzed by using the discrete element numerical simple shear tests for the first time. Compared with the planar extrusion wall, the zigzag extrusion wall causes the larger rotation magnitude of the blocks in the cushion materials and the larger deformation of the cushion materials near the contact surface. Based on the simple shear test results of the zigzag extrusion wall-cushion material contact surface, the contact surface model and the parameters are determined. It is helpful to improve the accuracy of stress and deformation calculation for face slab of high concrete face rockfill dams.
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Keywords:
- rockfill dam /
- simple shear test /
- extrusion wall /
- discrete element /
- contact surface
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图 5 接触面剪应力-相对水平位移关系曲线
Figure 5. Relationship between shear stress and relative horizontal displacement of contact surface
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图 8 圆柱垫层料的单轴压缩试验与数值试验应力-应变曲线
Figure 8. Stress-stain curves of unconfined compression laboratory tests and numerical tests of cylinder cushion layer materials
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图 9 挤压墙立方体试件的单轴压缩试验与数值试验曲线
Figure 9. Curves of unconfined compression laboratory tests and numerical tests of cube extrusion wall specimens
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图 11 200 kPa法向应力下垫层料位移矢量图
Figure 11. Displacement vectors of cushion layer materials under vertical stress of 200 kPa
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图 12 垫层料颗粒水平位移特征
Figure 12. Horizontal displacement characteristics of particles of cushion layer materials
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图 13 垫层料颗粒转动特征
Figure 13. Rotation characteristics of particles of cushion layer materials
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图 15 缩尺及足尺挤压墙数模单剪应力-剪切应变曲线
Figure 15. Shear stress-shear strain curves of extrusion wall by reduced scale and full-scale DEM models
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图 16 平面状及缩尺挤压墙接触面试验数据及拟合曲线
Figure 16. Test data and fitting curves of contact surface on planar and reduced scale extrusion walls
表 1 挤压墙-垫层料接触面的细观参数
Table 1 Micro-parameters of interface between extrusion wall and cushion layer materials
部位 接触模型类型 弹性模量/GPa 摩擦系数 抗转动系数 法向黏结强度/
MPa切向黏结强度/
MPa挤压墙 平行黏结 4.0 0.9 — 3.2 3.2 大粒径垫层料颗粒 平行黏结 5.0 1.0 — 47.0 47.0 大粒径垫层料之间 线性抗转动 0.1 0.6 0.5 — — 小粒径垫层料之间 线性抗转动 5.0 1.0 0.5 — — 大粒径垫层料-小粒径垫层料之间 线性抗转动 5.0 0.8 0.5 — — 垫层料-挤压墙之间 线性抗转动 0.1 0.5 0.4 — — 
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表 2 挤压墙-垫层料接触面模型参数
Table 2 Constitutive model parameters of contact surface between extrusion wall and cushion layer
挤压墙类型 黏聚力
c/kPa内摩擦角φ/(°) k n 破坏比
Rf平面状 90.1 34.4 260.1 0.29 0.81 锯齿状（缩尺） 78.5 35.4 266.5 0.30 0.81
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