砂土爆炸成坑离心模型试验相似律研究

管龙华; 卢强; 赵凤奎; 张德志; 汪玉冰

doi:10.11779/CJGE20230751

砂土爆炸成坑离心模型试验相似律研究 English Version

管龙华^1,,
卢强³,
赵凤奎^{1, 2},
张德志³,
汪玉冰^{1, 2, ,}

1.
浙江大学超重力研究中心, 浙江杭州 310058
2.
浙江大学软弱土与环境土工教育部重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310058
3.
西北核技术研究所强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室, 陕西西安 710024

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目 51988101

详细信息

作者简介:
管龙华(1998—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事地下爆炸效应超重力物理模拟等方面的研究工作。E-mail: glh@zju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
汪玉冰, E-mail: wangyubing@zju.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU411
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-26
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-30

Scaling laws for centrifuge modelling of explosion-induced cratering in sand

GUAN Longhua^1,,
LU Qiang³,
ZHAO Fengkui^{1, 2},
ZHANG Dezhi³,
WANG Yubing^{1, 2, ,}

1.
Center for Hypergravity Experiment and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.
MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China

摘要

摘要: 传统弹坑相似律存在适用性和有效性不足的问题，且爆炸成坑离心试验中的科氏力作用尚不明确。开展了砂土中的触地、浅埋爆炸成坑离心模型试验，探究不同重力加速度、药量和埋深工况下的爆炸成坑规律。推导了浅埋和触地爆炸弹坑相似律，给出了弹坑半径公式。对离心模拟爆炸成坑过程中的科氏力作用进行了定量分析和数值模拟。研究结果表明：提出的弹坑相似律能够适用于触地和浅埋爆炸工况，并针对干砂中的离心机试验和常重力试验弹坑数据取得了良好的归一化结果。科氏力主要通过改变土体抛掷回落运动轨迹来影响最终的弹坑形态，浅埋爆炸成坑试验中明显观察到科氏力的影响，弹坑轮廓向着离心机转动方向偏移；触地爆炸弹坑则基本不受科氏力影响。使用更大半径的离心机设备以及在更高离心加速度下开展试验可以显著减小科氏力引起的弹坑偏移误差。研究结果对爆炸成坑效应的离心物理模拟技术和理论分析提供了参考和依据。
- 爆炸成坑 /
- 离心模型试验 /
- 相似律 /
- 科氏力
Abstract: There are shortcomings in generality and applicability for the traditional crater scaling laws, and the Coriolis effects on explosion cratering in centrifuge tests are still unclear. The centrifuge modelling including buried and surface explosions is performed to investigate the cratering effects under different centrifugal accelerations, charge weights and buried depths. The scaling laws on buried and surface explosion craters are derived, and the formula for the crater radius is given. The quantitative analysis and numerical simulation of the Coriolis effects on explosion cratering are carried out. The results show that the proposed crater scaling laws can be applied to both the buried and surface explosions in dry sand, and good uniformity is obtained for the crater data from both the centrifuge tests and 1g tests. The Coriolis force primarily affects the profile of the apparent crater by changing the motion trajectory of sand particles, and it is obviously observed in the buried explosion tests, and the crater profile is asymmetric and shift in the direction of centrifuge rotation. However, the Coriolis force has a negligible effect on the surface explosion cratering. The crater offset error can be significantly reduced by using a centrifuge with a larger beam radius and conducting tests at higher centrifugal accelerations. The research results provide reference and a basis for the centrifugal modelling and theoretical analysis of explosion cratering.
- explosion cratering /
- centrifuge modelling /
- scaling law /
- Coriolis force

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图 1 定制微型爆源

Figure 1. Fabricated explosive charges

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图 2 离心模型布置

Figure 2. Layout of centrifuge models

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图 3 浅埋爆炸抛掷成坑过程（CE-1试验组）

Figure 3. Cratering process of buried explosion test CE-1

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图 4 浅埋爆炸弹坑轮廓及剖面图（CE-1试验组）

Figure 4. Apparent crater profiles of buried explosion test CE-1

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图 5 触地爆炸弹坑轮廓及剖面图（CE-2~CE-4试验组）

Figure 5. Apparent crater profiles of surface explosion tests CE-2~CE-4

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图 6 Schmidt砂土中浅埋爆炸弹坑相似律验证与标定

Figure 6. Validation and calibration of Schmidt's scaling law for buried explosion crater in sand

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图 7 本文砂土中浅埋爆炸弹坑相似律验证与标定

Figure 7. Validation and calibration of proposed scaling law for buried explosion crater in sand

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图 8 本文砂土中触地爆炸弹坑相似律验证与标定

Figure 8. Validation and calibration of proposed scaling law for surface explosion crater in sand

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图 9 触地爆炸试验弹坑相似关系（CE-2~CE-4）

Figure 9. Similarities of surface explosion tests CE-2~CE-4

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图 10 离心模型坐标系

Figure 10. Coordinate system in centrifuge

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图 11 爆炸成坑中土颗粒抛掷轨迹模拟（CE-1试验组）

Figure 11. Simulation of motion trajectory of sand particles in buried explosion test CE-1

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图 12 土颗粒落点模拟与试验结果对比（CE-1试验组）

Figure 12. Comparison of simulated and experimental results of drop points of sand particles in buried explosion test CE-1

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图 13 弹坑偏移量随离心机半径和离心加速度变化

Figure 13. Crater offset errors against centrifuge radius for different centrifugal accelerations

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表 1 离心试验工况

Table 1 Test conditions

试验编号爆源当量/mg 爆源埋深/cm 离心加速度/g

CE-1 1000 8 106

CE-2 1000 0 31

CE-3 125 0 62

CE-4 25 0 106

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