Numerical experiments on scale effects of contact characteristics of rock joints
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摘要: 为探究岩石节理接触特征尺寸效应，采用自仿射分形方法构建系列尺寸数值模型，利用离散弹塑性计算方法求解闭合变形，定量分析节理接触特征尺寸效应规律，并探究不同岩性和粗糙度对其尺寸效应的影响差异。自仿射分形方法构建的岩石节理其粗糙程度随尺寸增加逐渐变小，接触面积比和组合形貌微凸体参数之间具有关联，接触面积比的尺寸效应可归因于组合形貌微凸体参数ηR的尺寸变化。岩石节理尺寸越大，闭合变形引起的塑性部分占比越多。塑性变形对接触面积比尺寸效应具有弱化作用，对闭合变形尺寸效应具有强化作用，硬岩节理的接触特征尺寸效应强于软岩节理，其接触特征代表性长度也更大。岩石节理的粗糙度对其闭合变形和接触面积比的尺寸效应具有相反的效果。Abstract: To investigate the scale effects of contact characteristics in rock joints, a series of numerical models for joint sets with different sizes are generated using the self-affine fractal enlargement method. Subsequently, the normal contact problems are solved using a discrete elastic-plastic normal closure model. The contact characteristics in rock joints are analyzed quantitatively, and the effects of lithology and roughness of rock joints are also investigated. The roughness of the self-affine enlarged rock joints decreases with size. Moreover, there is a close correlation between the contact area ratio and the asperity parameters of the composite topography. The scale effects of the contact area ratio can be attributed to the variation of the combined asperity parameters of the composite topography ηR with size. Additionally, the plastic components of normal closures increase with the joint size. The plastic deformation has weakening effects on the size effects of the contact area ratio, but strengthening effects on the size effects of closure deformation. The hard rock joints have a stronger scale effect of contact characteristics than the soft rock joints, and the representative lengths are also longer. The roughness of the rock joints has a contrary effect on the scale effects of the normal closure deformation and contact area ratio.
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Keywords:
- rock joint /
- self-affine fractal /
- scale effect /
- contact characteristic
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图 4 试验数据与计算数据比较
Figure 4. Comparison between experimental and simulation data for a granodiorite rock joint
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图 5 不同尺寸节理的初始平均隙宽
Figure 5. Initial mean apertures of rock joints with variation in size
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图 9 接触比与微凸体参数关系
Figure 9. Correlations between asperity morphology parameters and contact area ratio
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图 10 节理A的接触应力累计概率分布
Figure 10. Accumulated probability distribution of contact stress of rock joint A
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图 11 变形模式对节理A的闭合接触特征尺寸效应的影响
Figure 11. Influences of deformation types on size effects of closure and contact characteristics in rock joint A
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图 12 不同法向应力下节理闭合接触特征与尺寸关系
Figure 12. Correlations of closure and contact characteristics of rock joints under different normal stresses
表 1 模型的力学参数
Table 1 Mechanical parameters of numerical models
弹性模量E/GPa 泊松比ν 压痕硬度H/GPa 单轴抗压强度UCS/MPa 25 0.2 3.5 150 
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表 2 组合形貌微凸体参数与接触比间的相关性
Table 2 Correlations between composite morphology asperity parameters and contact area ratio
法向应力/MPa 组合形貌参数的相关性R2 η R σs β ηR ησs Rσs 10 0.97 0.76 0.73 0.5 0.99 0.17 0.76 50 0.96 0.72 0.69 0.45 0.98 0.20 0.73
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