Instability failure modes and construction mechanics of large-section multi-arch tunnels in fly ash deposits
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摘要: 国内目前并无在粉煤灰堆积体中采用暗挖法修建大断面连拱隧道的先例，给隧道的设计和施工带来了巨大挑战。依托盐坪坝隧道工程，开展了室内相似模型试验，探讨了该地层下大断面连拱隧道塌落拱演化规律及开挖施工力学行为。研究结果表明：连拱隧道在粉煤灰堆积体中开挖极易发生失稳，将失稳过程划分为4个演化阶段，破坏模式具有突发性、剧烈性、对称性、同步性特征；塌落拱高度约为隧道开挖跨度的40%。采用单侧壁导坑法开挖时粉煤灰堆积体承载力严重不足，根据相似换算关系左、右洞拱顶沉降分别为16.86，14.91 cm，需对地层实施注浆加固；地层沉降呈对称“双峰状”，先行洞相较于后行洞受开挖影响较大，中隔墙的承载作用能够有效降低地层位移，单洞压力拱向双洞压力拱转换过程中，中隔墙受到偏压作用容易向先行洞侧偏转，建议在先行洞开挖时中隔墙添加支撑物。Abstract: At present, there is no precedent of using the undermining method to construct large-section multi-arch tunnels in fly ash deposits in China, which brings great challenges to the design and construction of the tunnels. Based on the Yanpingba tunnel project, the laboratory similar model tests are carried out to explore the evolution laws of collapse arch and mechanical behaviors of excavation of the double-arch tunnel in fly ash stratum. The results show that the excavation of the multi-arch arch tunnels in the fly ash deposits is highly susceptible to instability, and the failure process is characterized by suddenness, intensity, symmetry and synchronicity. The height of the collapsed arch is about 0.4 times the excavation span of the tunnels. The bearing capacity of the fly ash deposits is seriously insufficient by using the single-side drift method, and the settlements of the left and right vaults are 16.86 cm and 14.91 cm according to the similarity relationship. It is necessary to implement grouting reinforcement for the stratum. The bearing effect of the partition wall can effectively reduce the displacement of the stratum, the shape of stratum settlement is 'bimodal', and the first-excavated tunnel is more affected by excavation than the following one. During the process of conversion from single-tunnel pressure arch to double-tunnel one, the partition wall is easily deflected to the side of the first-excavated tunnel under the action of bias pressure, so it is suggested to add supports to the partition wall in the first-excavated of the existing tunnel.
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Keywords:
- multi-arch tunnel /
- fly ash deposit /
- model test /
- collapse arch /
- single-side drift method
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图 6 地层贯穿破坏期地层破坏特征
Figure 6. Damage characteristics of strata during stratigraphic.penetration damage period
表 1 粉煤灰物理性质参数
Table 1 Physical properties and parameters of fly ash
天然重度/() 含水率/% 孔隙比 塑性指数 液性指数 13.6~14.9 20.9~92.6 1.58~2.52 13.0~32.9 0.14~2.38 
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表 2 原型土及模型材料参数
Table 2 Material parameters of prototype soil and model soil
力学
参数重度
γ/(kN·m-3)弹性模量
E/MPa泊松比
μ内聚力
c/kPa内摩擦角φ/
(°)原型 14.9 10 0.35~0.45 20~32 21~25 模型 13.8 0.47 0.38 1.09 19.7
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表 4 初支、中隔墙相似材料参数
Table 4 Material parameters of initial support and partition wall
材料 抗压强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 弹性
模量/GPa泊松比 重度/
(kN·m-3)C25混凝土 16.7 1.78 29.5 0.2 25 相似材料 0.557 0.059 0.983 0.2 25
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表 5 钢架相似材料参数
Table 5 Material parameters of steel frame
型号 弹性模量/GPa 惯性矩/cm4 间距/cm I22b钢拱架 原型 210 3570 50 模型 210 1.41×10-4 1.56
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