In-situ investigation of site liquefaction and liquefaction-induced damages triggered by two strong Türkiye earthquakes on Feb. 6th, 2023
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摘要: 震害考察是地震工程研究的支柱之一。2023年2月6日土耳其中南部发生了两次震级分别为Mw7.8，Mw7.5的罕见双强震，造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。通过实地震害考察，对双强震触发的场地液化震害及其特征进行调查分析，分析结果显示：①本次地震液化具有现象显著、液化面积大、涉及范围广、液化灾害严重等特征；②场地液化震害形式多样，表现为喷砂、地面侧移、地基沉降以及地基丧失承载力等典型液化震害形式，且造成大量建筑物严重破坏；③在两个调查地区发现了液化引发的地面侧移，侧移量从几米至十几米，并直接导致建筑物严重破坏甚至毁坏；④在格尔巴舍（Golbasi）城区发现数十栋建筑物因地基液化丧失承载力而出现严重倾斜（不均匀沉降）、沉降，沉降量从几十厘米到1~2米、倾斜角度从几度到十几度不等，现场测量建筑最大倾斜角度达到20°。通过对土耳其地震场地液化的宏观现象调查分析，认识本次地震触发的液化特征及其震害启示，以期为中国地基液化减灾技术研究提供参考。
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关键词:
- 2023年土耳其地震 /
- 场地液化 /
- 液化震害特征 /
- 现场调查 /
- 地震科考
Abstract: The post-earthquake scientific investigation is one of the essentials for earthquake engineering. On the 6th of February, 2023, two deadly earthquakes, whose magnitudes were Mw7.8 and Mw7.5, respectively, shook Southern-Central Turkey, caused significantly large casualties and tremendous economy loss. Through the in-situ site investigation, the liquefaction phenomena and related damages triggered by the two strong earthquakes were surveyed and preliminarily analyzed. The analytical results indicate: (1) The liquefactions induced by the earthquakes were significant, and distributed in a wide area, and caused severe damages to buildings; (2) the consequences of site liquefaction were observed as sand boils, lateral spread, ground subsidence and loss of site bearing capacity, which yielded damages to the residence buildings in great extent. (3) The liquefaction-induced lateral spread was observed in two investigation zones, and its distance ranged from meters to tens of meters, resulting in damage or demolishing of buildings. (4) In an investigation area of Golbasi City, tens of buildings were found subsided and tilting due to liquefaction-induced loss of soil bearing capacity. The subsidence of buildings ranged from tens of centimeters to 1~2 meters, and the tilting angles varied from several degrees to tens of degrees with the measured maximum angle of 20 degrees in tilt. Through the field survey of liquefaction triggered by the shocks and the analysis of liquefaction-induced consequences, the characteristics of liquefaction and the lessons learned are presented, and the findings are expected to be beneficial for liquefaction hazard mitigation in China. -
致谢: 感谢中国地震局“土耳其7.8级地震科学考察”领导小组和办公室、中国地震局工程力学研究所领导及科考队队员、中国地震局土耳其7.8级地震科学考察·场地观测组（二组）全体队员、土耳其灾害和应急管理局AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Authority of Türkiye)、土耳其地震灾区友好善良的民众等为现场科考工作提供的大力支持和帮助。
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图 4 液化侧移产生的地面张拉裂缝
Figure 4. Ground cracks caused by lateral spread of liquefaction observed
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图 5 液化侧移导致的建筑物破坏
Figure 5. Structural damages caused by lateral spread of liquefaction
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图 6 地基液化导致地基丧失承载力，引起建筑沉降、倾斜（不均匀沉降）等震害现象的示意图
Figure 6. Sketch of bearing capacity loss of site caused by liquefaction triggerring tilting (or differential settlement) and settlement of buildings
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图 7 地基液化引起建筑倾斜（不均匀沉降）（调查点#5）
Figure 7. Tilting (differential settlement) of buildings induced by site liquefaction at investigation site No. 5
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图 8 地基液化引起建筑物沉降（调查点#2）
Figure 8. Settlements of buildings induced by soil liquefaction at investigation site No. 2
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图 9 地基液化引起建筑物严重沉降（调查点#5）
Figure 9. Severe settlements of buildings induced by soil liquefaction at investigation site No. 5
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图 10 场地地基液化引起建筑倾斜角度20°（调查点#5）
Figure 10. Tilting of a building with 20 degrees induced by soil liquefaction at investigation site No. 5
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图 11 场地液化导致建筑物严重倾斜、沉降破坏
Figure 11. Severe tilting and settlements of buildings caused by site liquefaction
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