Effects of soluble soybean polysaccharides on solidifying aeolian sand by soybean urease-induced carbonate precipitation
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摘要: 大豆脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉积用于固化沙漠风积沙具有潜在价值，为提升固化的均匀性及效果，在提取的大豆脲酶溶液中加入可溶性大豆多糖（SSPS）用于诱导碳酸钙沉积反应过程。首先，在液体环境下分析了SSPS对大豆脲酶溶液特性及反应生成碳酸钙的影响，随后土体环境中采用单相灌注法固化风积沙，测试了胶结试样的无侧限抗压强度和三轴固结不排水剪切特性，并结合SEM探究了固化机理。结果表明：SSPS的添加量为1，3 g/L时虽轻微抑制脲酶活性，但几乎不影响溶液黏度，且更利于液体环境下生成方解石晶体，同时土体环境中提升了固化风积沙的强度以及改善了单相灌注固化的均匀性，其中3 g/L添加量时效果更佳。SEM观察分析显示，添加SSPS后，液体环境下生成了尺寸更大且更紧密的碳酸钙晶体，土体环境中更多更紧密的碳酸钙晶体分布在沙颗粒间接触点处，从而增强了胶结作用效果。Abstract: The soybean urease-induced carbonate precipitation is potentially valuable for solidifying desert aeolian sand. In order to improve the uniformity and effects of solidification, the soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) is added to the extracted soybean-urease solution to induce carbonate precipitation. Firstly, the impact of SSPS on the characteristics of soybean-urease solution and the formation of calcium carbonate in soil-free solution are analyzed. Then, the one-phase injection method is used to solidify the aeolian sand in the soil environment. The unconfined compressive strength and triaxial consolidated undrained shear characteristics of the cemented samples are tested, and the solidification mechanism is explored with SEM. The results show that the addition of SSPS at 1 g/L and 3 g/L lightly inhibits soybean-urease activity but hardly affects the viscosity of soybean-urease solution, and more calcite crystals are generated in soil-free solution. At the same time, the strength and uniformity of the solidified aeolian sand are improved. The effects are better when the additive amount of SSPS is 3 g/L. The SEM results show that after adding SSPS, larger and more compact calcium carbonate crystals are formed in soil-free solution, and more and more compact calcium carbonate crystals are distributed at the contact points between the sand particles in the soil environment, thus enhancing the solidification effects.
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图 2 添加不同浓度SSPS下的沉淀物XRD图谱
Figure 2. XRD patterns of precipitated substances at different SSPS concentrations
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图 3 添加3 g/L SSPS不同处理遍数下的无侧限抗压强度
Figure 3. Unconfined compressive strengths at different times of treatment with adding 3 g/L SSPS
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图 4 不同处理遍数下沙柱不同位置碳酸钙含量
Figure 4. Calcium carbonate contents at different positions of sand column under different times of treatment
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图 5 添加不同浓度SSPS的胶结试样应力-应变关系曲线
Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of biocemented samples at different SSPS concentrations
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图 6 添加不同浓度SSPS的胶结试样应力比-应变关系曲线
Figure 6. Stress ratio-strain curves of biocemented samples at different SSPS concentrations
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图 7 添加不同浓度SSPS的液体环境沉淀物SEM图
Figure 7. SEM images of precipitated substances in soil-free solution at different SSPS concentrations
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图 8 不同方案处理2遍的沙柱SEM图（放大倍数为300倍）
Figure 8. SEM images of sand column biocemented twice by different schemes (magnification of 300×)
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图 9 不同方案处理2遍的沙柱SEM图（放大倍数为2400倍）
Figure 9. SEM images of sand column biocemented twice by different schemes (magnification of 2400×)
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图 10 两种方案处理4遍的沙柱SEM图
Figure 10. SEM images of sand column after biocemented 4 times by two different schemes
表 1 沙柱固化试验方案
Table 1 Test schemes for sand column treatment
编号 调节pH SSPS/(g·L-1) 处理遍数 1 5.0 0 1 2 5.0 0 2 3 5.0 1 1 4 5.0 1 2 5 5.0 3 1 6 5.0 3 2 7 5.0 3 4 8 5.0 3 6 9 6.7 0 1 10 6.7 0 2 11 6.7 3 1 12 6.7 3 2 13 6.7 3 4 
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表 2 添加SSPS后大豆脲酶溶液特性
Table 2 Characteristics of soybean-urease solution after adding SSPS
试样 脲酶活性/(mM·min-1) 黏度/(mPa·s-1) 张角/% 去离子水 — 1.1 10.7 1 g/L SSPS — 1.1 10.8 3 g/L SSPS — 1.4 14.0 60 g/L+pH 5.0 5.56 1.3 13.6 60 g/L+pH 5.0+1 g/L SSPS 5.31 1.3 13.4 60 g/L+pH 5.0+3 g/L SSPS 4.93 1.4 14.5
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