考虑破碎带节理分布特征的隧道开挖诱发近断层错动随机性分析

禹海涛; 李婷婷; 陈志伟; 闫晓

doi:10.11779/CJGE20221536

考虑破碎带节理分布特征的隧道开挖诱发近断层错动随机性分析 English Version

禹海涛^1,,
李婷婷²,
陈志伟^{2, 3},
闫晓^2, ,

1.
同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室, 上海 200092
2.
同济大学地下建筑与工程系, 上海 200092
3.
上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司, 上海 200125

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2022YFE0128400

国家自然科学基金项目 42177134

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目

详细信息

作者简介:
禹海涛(1983—)，男，工学博士，博士后，教授，博士研究生导师，主要从事地下结构抗震等方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail: yuhaitao@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
闫晓, E-mail: xiao_yan@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: U45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-09
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-31

Stochastic analysis of fault dislocation induced by tunnel excavation considering distribution characteristics of joints in fracture zones

YU Haitao^1,,
LI Tingting²,
CHEN Zhiwei^{2, 3},
YAN Xiao^2, ,

1.
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2.
Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
3.
Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute, Shanghai 200125, China

摘要

摘要: 隧道开挖往往会引起邻近断层错动，并进一步诱发岩爆、地震等灾害。然而，断层破碎带内部岩体物理力学特征复杂，不仅表现出非连续性、非线性和各向异性，还存在节理随机分布特征，隧道开挖诱发近断层错动机制仍不清晰。基于连续-离散耦合分析方法建立了含断层工程场地多尺度力学模型，采用基于离散单元法的人工合成岩体模型模拟断层破碎带，采用有限差分法描述断层上、下盘及内部隧道开挖影响下的宏观动力特征。开展了近断层隧道开挖多因素模拟，探究了断层岩体节理随机分布特征对近断层隧道开挖的影响规律。分析结果表明：破碎带内部节理随机性对隧道开挖诱发近断层错动影响显著；节理倾角均值越接近断层倾角，隧道开挖导致的近断层错动量越大；正交试验情况下，断层节理倾角方差对最终错动量均值大小影响较小；节理长度的均值和方差越大，断层破碎带越容易发生错动；节理密度越大，破碎带介质越破碎，断层带整体的强度和刚度越低，抵抗错动的能力也越弱。通过对比分析得出节理分布特征参数对断层错动量均值影响程度的排序分布：节理密度 > 节理倾角均值> 节理长度均值> 节理长度标准差 > 节理倾角标准差；且当显著性水平为0.05时，节理密度对断层错动量的影响达到显著水平（p < 0.05）。
- 断层错动 /
- 多尺度耦合 /
- 随机性 /
- 隧道开挖
Abstract: Tunnel excavation often causes the dislocation of adjacent faults, and further induces rockbursts, earthquakes and other disasters. Due to the complex physical and mechanical characteristics of rock mass, the fault exhibits discontinuity, nonlinear and anisotropy and has the random distribution of joints, which makes the mechanism of adjacent fault dislocation induced by tunnel excavation still unclear. A multi-scale model is established based on the continuous-discrete coupling method. The synthetic rock mass model based on the discrete element method is used to simulate the fault damage zone, and the finite difference method is used to describe the macroscopic dynamic characteristics of the upper and lower walls. The influence laws of the random distribution characteristics of joints on the excavation simulation of a near-fault tunnel are explored. The results show that the randomness of joints in the fracture zone has a significant effect on fault dislocation. The fault dislocation increases with the mean dip angle of joints closer to that of fault. In the case of orthogonal tests, the variance of dip angle has small effects on the mean value of final dislocation. The increase of the mean and variance of joint length causes the fault prone to dislocation. The greater the joint density, the more broken the media in the fracture zone, the lower the overall strength and stiffness, and the weaker the resistance to dislocation. Through a comparative analysis, the influence degree of distribution characteristic parameters of joints on the mean value of fault dislocation is: density > mean value of dip angle > mean value of length > standard deviation of length > standard deviation of dip angle. When the significance level is 0.05, the influences of joint density on the momentum of fault dislocation reach a significant level (p < 0.05).
- fault dislocation /
- multi-scale coupling /
- randomness /
- tunnel excavation

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图 1 人工合成岩体模型示意图

Figure 1. Model of synthetic rock mass

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图 2 随机离散裂隙网络的生成

Figure 2. Generation of random discrete fracture network

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图 3 近断层隧道开挖模拟

Figure 3. Simulation of tunnel excavation near fault

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图 4 模拟流程

Figure 4. Simulation process

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图 5 围岩参数标定结果图

Figure 5. Parameter calibration for surrounding rock

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图 6 节理参数标定结果图

Figure 6. Parameter calibration for joints

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图 7 观测点布置

Figure 7. Locations of monitoring points

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图 8 隧道开挖过程应力云图

Figure 8. Stress nephograms during excavation process for Case S13

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图 9 工况S13各观测点错动量均值

Figure 9. Fault dislocations during excavation process for Case S13

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图 10 各观测点最终错动量计算结果

Figure 10. Dislocations at different monitoring points

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图 11 考虑破碎带内部节理随机性的模拟结果

Figure 11. Simulated results considering randomness of joints

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图 12 错动量均值(绝对值)-倾角均值

Figure 12. Mean of dislocation (absolute) vs. mean of dip

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图 13 错动量均值(绝对值)-倾角标准差

Figure 13. Mean of dislocation (absolute) vs. standard deviation of dip

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图 14 倾角均值为80°时错动量均值-倾角标准差

Mean of dislocation vs. ${\sigma _{{\text{dip}}}}$ when ${\mu _{{\text{dip}}}}$ = 80°

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图 15 错动量均值(绝对值)-长度均值

Figure 15. Mean of dislocation (absolute) vs. mean of length

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图 16 错动量均值(绝对值)-长度标准差

Mean of dislocation(absolute) vs. ${\sigma _{{\text{len}}}}$

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图 17 错动量均值-节理密度

Figure 17. Mean of dislocation (absolute) vs. joint density

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表 1 DP模型参数

Table 1 Parameters of DP model

密度/(kg·m^-3)	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	黏聚力/kPa	内摩擦角/(°)
2200	8	0.3	400	31

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表 2 平行黏结模型参数

Table 2 Parameters of parallel bonded model

线性组			平行黏结组
有效模量/GPa	刚度比	摩擦系数	有效模量/GPa	刚度比	摩擦角/(°)	抗拉强度/MPa	黏结强度/MPa
6.5	3.6	0.577	6.5	3.6	85	12	10

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表 3 光滑节理模型参数及对应的宏观参数

Table 3 Parameters of smooth-joint model and corresponding macroscopic parameters

细观参数					宏观参数
法向刚度/GPa	切向刚度/GPa	黏结强度/kPa	抗拉强度/kPa	摩擦因数	黏聚力/kPa	摩擦角/(°)
20	6	4	1	0.3	21	16.3

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表 4 正交设计表

Table 4 Orthogonal design table

编号	μ_dip/(°)	σ_dip/(°)	μ_len/m	σ_len/m	FD
S1	40	20	4	1	1
S2	40	30	8	7	5
S3	40	40	12	3	4
S4	40	50	6	9	3
S5	40	60	10	5	2
S6	60	20	12	7	3
S7	60	30	6	3	2
S8	60	40	10	9	1
S9	60	50	4	5	5
S10	60	60	8	1	4
S11	80	20	10	3	5
S12	80	30	4	9	4
S13	80	40	8	5	3
S14	80	50	12	1	2
S15	80	60	6	7	1
S16	100	20	8	9	2
S17	100	30	12	5	1
S18	100	40	6	1	5
S19	100	50	10	7	4
S20	100	60	4	3	3
S21	120	20	6	5	4
S22	120	30	10	1	3
S23	120	40	4	7	2
S24	120	50	8	3	1
S25	120	60	12	9	5

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表 5 观测点3错动量均值多因素方差分析结果

Table 5 Results of multivariate analysis of variance of dislocation at monitoring point No. 3

均值	误差平方和	自由度	均方	F检验值	p值
截距	138.255	1	138.225	741.732	0.000**
节理倾角均值	1.688	4	0.422	2.264	0.224
节理倾角标准差	0.082	4	0.021	0.11	0.972
节理长度均值	0.791	4	0.198	1.061	0.478
节理长度标准差	0.705	4	0.176	0.946	0.521
节理密度	15.848	4	3.962	21.26	0.006**
残差	0.745	4	0.186
R² = 0.962
* p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01

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表 6 观测点4错动量均值多因素方差分析结果

Table 6 Results of multivariate analysis of variance of dislocation at monitoring point No. 4

均值	误差平方和	自由度	均方	F检验值	p值
截距	132.951	1	132.951	621.294	0.000**
节理倾角均值	1.337	4	0.334	1.562	0.338
节理倾角标准差	0.123	4	0.031	0.144	0.956
节理长度均值	0.685	4	0.171	0.801	0.583
节理长度标准差	0.569	4	0.142	0.665	0.649
节理密度	8.978	4	2.245	10.489	0.021*
残差	0.856	4	0.214
R² = 0.932
* p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01

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表 7 观测点5错动量均值多因素方差分析结果

Table 7 Results of multivariate analysis of variance of dislocation at monitoring point No. 5

均值	误差平方和	自由度	均方	F检验值	p值
截距	74.61	1	74.61	2209.555	0.000**
节理倾角均值	0.511	4	0.128	3.783	0.113
节理倾角标准差	0.035	4	0.009	0.261	0.889
节理长度均值	0.241	4	0.06	1.783	0.295
节理长度标准差	0.207	4	0.052	1.532	0.345
节理密度	2.864	4	0.716	21.206	0.006**
残差	0.135	4	0.034
R² = 0.966
* p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01

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