Experimental study on physical-mineral composition-pollution behaviour interrelations of urban river sediments
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摘要: 针对福州市晋安区5处物理化学性状不同的代表性内河河道底泥，进行了颗粒分析、黏土矿物成分、界限含水率、烧失量、总氮总磷和重金属测定试验，结合收集的相关文献数据，系统分析了底泥物理–矿物成分与污染物的相互影响。结果表明：河湖库底泥中的污染物不仅与污染源相关，也与底泥颗粒级配和黏土矿物成分有关；底泥中的有机质、总氮、重金属含量与底泥中细颗粒含量的相关性较高，黏粒中的蒙脱石黏土矿物吸附和贮存污染物能力较强；底泥中有机质含量与总氮、总磷含量以及重金属含量之间均具有良好的相关性。Abstract: River and lake pollution is a seriously environmental problem in China. In this study, the particle analysis, clay mineral composition, Atterberg limits, loss of ignition, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals tests are carried out for five representative sediments with different physical and chemical properties in Jin'an District, Fuzhou. By considering the collected data from literatures, the interrelations among physical properties, clay minerals and pollutants of sediments are investigated. The results show that the pollutants in the sediments are related to the pollution source and the particle gradation and clay mineral composition of the sediments. The organic matter, total nitrogen and heavy metals in the sediments are highly correlated with fine particle content in the sediments. The smectite clay mineral is conducive to the adsorption and storage of pollutants. There is a good correlation among the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metal content in the sediments.
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Keywords:
- sediment /
- particle gradation /
- clay mineral /
- pollutant /
- physical property
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图 2 底泥有机质含量与颗粒级配的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between organic matter content of sediments and particle gradation
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图 3 底泥总氮、总磷含量与颗粒级配的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between TN/TP of sediments and particle gradation
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图 4 底泥重金属含量与颗粒级配的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between particle gradation of sediments and heavy metal
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图 5 底泥有机质含量与黏土矿物含量的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between organic matter content of sediments and clay mineral contents
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图 8 底泥重金属含量与总氮、总磷含量的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between contents of TN/TP and heavy metals in sediments
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图 9 底泥液塑限及塑性指数与有机质含量的关系
Figure 9. Relationship between Atterberg limits and plasticity index of sediments and OM
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图 10 底泥液塑限及塑性指数与重金属含量的关系
Figure 10. Relationship between Atterberg limits and plasticity index of sediments and heavy metal content
表 1 本研究底泥污染物测定方法
Table 1 Method for determination of pollutants in sediments
序号 测试项目 测试方法 试验标准 1 OM 烧失量法 ASTM D2974 2 TN 凯氏法 HJ717—2014 3 TP 钼锑抗分光光度法 HJ 632—2011 4 重金属 ICP-MS法 US EPA 3050B 
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表 2 本研究底泥颗粒组成、黏土矿物组成及界限含水率
Table 2 Particle composition, clay mineral composition and atterberg limits of sediments
(%) 底泥 颗粒组成 矿物组成 wL wP Clay Silt Sand I K C S A 42.4 47.5 10.2 19 48 24 9 79.2 35.3 B 12.3 78.8 8.9 22 59 19 0 44.0 31.5 C 12.3 82.9 4.8 33 47 20 0 38.5 23.3 D 26.0 64.0 10.0 27 53 20 0 83.6 35.0 E 28.3 62.4 9.3 24 46 30 0 111.9 44.0
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表 3 不同文献收集的底泥数据
Table 3 Database of sediment pollutants compiled from literatures
序号 颗粒级配 界限
含水率黏土矿物 污染物 主要污染来源 参考文献 OM TN TP Cu Zn Ni Pb 1 √ — — √ √ √ — — — — — 魏岚等[6] 2 √ — — √ √ √ — — — — — Xia等[7] 3 — — — √ √ √ — — — — 生活污水 孙广垠等[8] 4 √ — — — √ √ — — — — 废水、肥料 余成等[9] 5 √ — — — — — √ √ √ √ 废水 El-Sayed等[10] 6 √ — — — — — √ √ √ √ 养殖场 Wang等[11] 7 — — √ √ — — — — — — — Khim[12] 8 — — √ √ — — — — — — — Andrade等[13] 9 — — — √ — — √ √ √ √ 生活污水 Nguyen等 [14] 10 — — — √ — — √ √ √ √ 生活污水 牛红义等[15] 11 — — — — √ √ √ √ √ √ 废水 严玉林[16] 12 — √ — √ — — — — — — — 徐日庆等[17] 13 — √ — √ — — — — — — — Stanchi等 [18] 14 — √ — — — — √ — — — — Phanija等 [19] 15 — √ — — — — — √ — — — 储亚等[20] 16 — √ — — — — — — — √ — Ayodele等 [21] 17 — √ — — — — √ √ — √ — 吕伟豪[22]
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表 4 底泥污染物及物理性质的相关系数
Table 4 Correlation coefficients of sediment pollutants and physical properties
污染物与底泥颗粒级配 污染物与黏土矿物 污染物与污染物 污染物与底泥物理性质 Clay OM 0.231 Illite OM -0.099 OM TN 0.809 OM wL 0.915 Silt OM 0.524 Kaolinite OM -0.185 OM TP 0.456 OM wP 0.916 Sand OM -0.485 Chlorite OM -0.194 TN TP 0.623 OM IP 0.797 Clay+Silt OM 0.717 Smectite OM 0.020 OM Cu 0.636 TN wL 0.254 Clay TN 0.686 Illite TN -0.249 OM Zn 0.794 TN wP 0.242 Clay TP 0.439 Illite TP -0.356 OM Ni 0.490 TN IP 0.161 Silt TN -0.026 Kaolinite TN -0.216 OM Pb 0.777 TP wL -0.009 Silt TP -0.097 Kaolinite TP -0.269 TN Cu 0.452 TP wP -0.005 Sand TN -0.763 Chlorite TN 0.485 TN Zn 0.603 TP IP -0.033 Sand TP 0.321 Chlorite TP 0.264 TN Ni 0.511 Cu wL -0.342 Clay+Silt TN 0.763 Smectite TN 0.197 TN Pb 0.433 Cu wP 0.300 Clay+Silt TP 0.321 Smectite TP 0.054 TP Cu 0.335 Cu IP -0.350 Clay Cu 0.355 Illite Cu -0.216 TP Zn 0.577 Zn wL -0.331 Clay Zn 0.363 Illite Zn -0.382 TP Ni 0.203 Zn wP -0.317 Clay Ni 0.335 Illite Ni -0.270 TP Pb 0.501 Zn IP 0.275 Clay Pb 0.335 Illite Pb -0.286 Cu Zn 0.655 Pb wL 0.067 Silt Cu 0.572 Kaolinite Cu -0.229 Cu Ni 0.610 Pb wP -0.365 Silt Zn 0.558 Kaolinite Zn -0.329 Cu Pb 0.551 Pb IP 0.112 Silt Ni 0.639 Kaolinite Ni -0.245 Zn Ni 0.539 Silt Pb 0.006 Kaolinite Pb 0.047 Zn Pb 0.729 Sand Cu -0.555 Chlorite Cu 0.258 Ni Pb 0.406 Sand Zn -0.593 Chlorite Zn 0.482 Sand Ni -0.641 Chlorite Ni 0.445 Sand Pb -0.292 Chlorite Pb 0.362 Clay+Silt Cu 0.554 Smectite Cu -0.137 Clay+Silt Zn 0.591 Smectite Zn -0.214 Clay+Silt Ni 0.635 Smectite Ni -0.159 Clay+Silt Pb 0.295 Smectite Pb 0.103
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