Deformation laws of cyclic disturbance and a failure precursor feature of marble under high stresses
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摘要: 为探究工程岩体循环扰动作用下的变形破坏特性，开展了不同应力水平与幅值的大理岩单轴循环扰动试验。试验结果显示：①应力水平是循环扰动下大理岩破坏的主要因素，幅值是次要因素。应力水平刚达到扩容应力时，即使循环幅值很大，大理岩也不会破坏，当应力水平远高于扩容应力且循环幅值很大时，破坏十分迅速；②相对于不可逆变形，动态刚度更能体现变形曲线“疏—密—疏”的三阶段特征。可采用动态刚度衰减率的正负值作为破坏前兆特征，在变形稳定阶段预判岩石是否会发生破坏；③对于破坏岩样，基于动态刚度表征的损伤变量与不可逆变形总趋势相似。“双高”模式与Ⅰ型曲线一致，其余模式与Ⅱ型曲线一致。Abstract: In order to explore its deformation and failure laws under cyclic disturbance, a series of uniaxial tests of marble with different stress levels and cyclic amplitudes are carried out. The research results show that: (1) The stress level is the decisive factor whether the marble specimens tend to failure or not, and the cyclic amplitude is a relatively minor factor. When the stress level just reaches the dilation one, the rock specimen can not fail even if it is under a much larger cyclic amplitude. When the stress level is much higher than the dilation stress and the cyclic amplitude is given a much larger value, the rock will rapidly fail. (2) Compared with the irreversible deformation, the dynamic stiffness can better reflect the transition features of sparse-dense-sparse stages. The positive and negative values of decay rate of the dynamic stiffness can be used as the features of failure precursor, and the rock failure can be predicted at the stable deformation stage. (3) For the failed marble specimens, the damage variable based on the dynamic stiffness characterization is similar to the general trend of irreversible deformation. The double-high mode is consistent with the type Ⅰ curve, and the rest of the curves are consistent with the type Ⅱ curve.
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Keywords:
- high stress level /
- cyclic disturbance /
- dynamic stiffness /
- failure precursor /
- damage
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图 1 TFD–2000/D型电液伺服三轴动态扰动试验机
Figure 1. TFD-2000/D servo-controlled triaxial rock mechanics testing system
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图 5 大理岩循环扰动应力–应变曲线
Figure 5. Disturbed stress-strain curves of marble under cyclic disturbance
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图 8 不可逆应变–相对循环次数关系
Figure 8. Relationship between irreversible strain and relative cycle times
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图 10 动态刚度–相对循环次数关系
Figure 10. Relationship between average dynamic axial stiffness and relative number of cycles
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图 11 稳定阶段动态刚度衰减率
Figure 11. Decay rate of average dynamic axial stiffness at cyclic stability stage
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图 12 损伤变量与相对循环次数关系
Figure 12. Relationship between damage variable and relative cycle number
表 1 单轴下应力上限与循环幅值的预设目标值）
Table 1 Preset target values of upper limit of uniaxial stress and disturbance amplitude
(MPa) 循环幅值 峰值
应力应力
比70%应力
比80%应力
比90%5，10，15 50.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 
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表 2 岩样破坏情况及循环次数
Table 2 Failure situations of marble specimens and cycle times
应力比/% 幅值/MPa 5 10 15 70 未破坏 未破坏 未破坏 80 5500圈 550圈 285圈 90 5450圈 430圈 24圈
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