细粒级尾矿上游法筑坝放矿参数优选试验研究

段志杰; 李全明; 赵学义; 于玉贞; 师海

doi:10.11779/CJGE202208012

细粒级尾矿上游法筑坝放矿参数优选试验研究 English Version

1.
水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室(清华大学), 北京 100084
2.
北方工业大学, 北京 100144
3.
国家能源集团, 北京 100034
4.
北京交通大学, 北京 100044

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51874260

“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目 2017YFC0804602

详细信息

作者简介:
段志杰(1995—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事尾矿坝和高土石坝方面的研究工作。E-mail: duanzj17@.tsinghua.org.cn

通讯作者:
李全明，E-mail: 454968053@qq.com

中图分类号: TU43
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-22
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-31

Experimental study on optimization of ore-drawing parameters for fine-grained tailings dams constructed by upstream method

1.
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2.
North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
3.
National Energy Group, Beijing 100034, China
4.
Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 10044, China

摘要

摘要: 细粒尾矿上游法筑坝，由于颗粒细，且在浓缩过程中需添加絮凝剂，放矿后尾矿难以水力分选，无法形成干滩，导致坝体稳定性较差，难以筑坝。针对细粒尾矿放矿参数优选的问题，以中国某铅锌尾矿为例，基于尾矿沉积机理，对矿浆进行沉积及流变试验，初步筛选出临界分选浓度为28%；且在55 m长的沉积模型槽内进行筑坝模型试验，分析放矿浓度、流量对尾矿流动沉积、淤积坡度及沉积尾矿物理力学性质的影响。利用模型试验优选的放矿参数在实际尾矿坝上进行放矿堆坝，取得了良好效果，验证了室内模型试验的有效性。提出的利用一维沉降与流变测试相结合初步确定矿浆分选浓度，并利用大型沉积模型槽进行堆坝模拟试验以进一步确定最优放矿参数的方法，对于细粒尾矿上游法筑坝具有工程实用价值。
- 细粒级尾矿 /
- 上游法放矿 /
- 分选浓度 /
- 沉积滩
Abstract: Due to the fine particle composition of tailings and the addition of flocculant in the concentration process, the hydraulic sorting is weakened during the flow and deposition of tailings slurry, and dry beach can not be formed, resulting in lower stability of upstream-method tailings dams. The problem of optimizing the ore-drawing parameters of fine-grained tailings is studied based on the example of a lead-zinc tailings dam in China. Based on the sedimentation mechanism of tailings, the sedimentation and rheological characteristics of slurry are tested. The critical separation concentration of tailings slurry is preliminarily selected as 28%. Then, the upstream-method model tests are carried out in the 55 m-long horizontal sedimentary model flume to analyze the effects of slurry concentration and discharge rate on the tailings sediment sorting, the deposited beach slope and the physical and mechanical properties of the tailings. The drawing parameters optimized by the model tests are applied to the actual tailings dam, and good results are achieved, which fully verifies the effectiveness of the laboratory model tests. The method for preliminary determination of the critical slurry concentration by one-dimensional settlement and rheological property tests and model tests of a large sedimentation model flume is proposed to further determine the optimal drawing parameters, which has important engineering practical value for the optimization of drawing technology of fine-grained tailings dams by upstream-method.
- fine tailings /
- tailings dam by upstream-method /
- separation concentration /
- deposited beach

HTML全文

图 1 全尾矿颗粒级配曲线

Figure 1. Grain-size distribution curve of total tailings

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图 2 尾矿坝放矿现场照片

Figure 2. Photo of ore-drawing in a tailings dam

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图 3 尾矿浆一维静水沉降试验

Figure 3. One-dimensional deposition tests on slurry in static water

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图 4 不同浓度尾矿浆分选沉积分界面

Figure 4. Separation interfaces under different concentrations

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图 5 尾矿浆沉积高度随时间变化

Figure 5. Deposition heights of tailings slurry

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图 6 模型试验装置图

Figure 6. Diagram of deposition model flumes

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图 7 30%浓度时淤积坡降沿程分布

Figure 7. Distribution of siltation slope along path (C_w =30%)

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图 8 不同放矿浓度沉积尾矿级配曲线(Q=1.6 L/s)

Figure 8. Sediment-size distribution curves at different concentrations (Q=1.6 L/s)

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图 9 200 cm宽水槽内沉积干滩形态

Figure 9. Deposition morphology in flume with a length of 200 cm

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图 10 沉积尾矿内摩擦角沿程分布特征

Figure 10. Distribution characteristics of internal friction angle of sedimentary tailings

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图 11 现场不同浓度放矿干滩淤积形态

Figure 11. Siltation morphology at different slurry concentrations on site

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图 12 实际尾矿库内沉积尾矿颗粒级配曲线（20%放矿浓度）

Figure 12. Sediment-size distribution curves of tailings sediment in tailings dams (C_w =20%)

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表 1 尾矿浆流变参数表(T=20℃)

Table 1 Rheological parameters of tailing slurry (T=20℃)

矿浆密度/(kg·m^-3)	浓度C_w /%	流变参数
矿浆密度/(kg·m^-3)	浓度C_w /%	刚度系数 ${\eta _{\text{M}}}$ /(MPa·S)	屈服应力 ${\tau _{\text{B}}}$ /Pa
1315.3	37	8.6	0.290
1282.5	34	7.3	0.129
1221.6	28	6.4	0.044

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表 2 尾矿沉积模型试验淤积坡度

Table 2 Siltation slopes in deposition model tests

试验序号	矿浆浓度 C_w/%	放矿流量 Q/(L·s^-1)	淤积比降 J/(20 m)
1	20	0.60	0.020
2		1.00	0.016
3		1.60	0.014
4	26	0.60	0.019
5		1.00	0.017
6		1.60	0.016
7	30	0.60	0.019
8		1.00	0.017
9		1.60	0.015

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表 3 沉积尾矿（原状）含水率及干密度

Table 3 Water contents and dry densities of tailings sediment

试验序号	试验工况		与放矿口距离/m
	C_w/%	Q/(L·s^-1)	0		5		10		15		20
	C_w/%	Q/(L·s^-1)	w/%	${\rho _{\text{d}}}$ /(g·cm^-3)	w/%	${\rho _{\text{d}}}$ /(g·cm^-3)	w/%	${\rho _{\text{d}}}$ /(g·cm^-3)	w/%	${\rho _{\text{d}}}$ /(g·cm^-3)	w/%	${\rho _{\text{d}}}$ /(g·cm^-3)
1	20	0.60	20.8	1.70	25.3	1.61	25.1	1.57	—	—	28.4	1.49
2	20	1.00	20.6	1.66	25.7	1.59	28.4	1.56	—	—	28.9	1.56
3	20	1.60	21.0	1.68	22.8	1.65	26.0	1.52	—	—	24.1	1.58
4	26	0.60	19.6	1.74	23.9	1.66	25.6	1.62	—	—	28.1	1.52
5	26	1.00	21.7	1.70	25.1	1.56	23.4	1.65	—	—	23.3	1.61
6	26	1.60	24.1	1.64	24.6	1.63	22.7	1.64	—	—	28.2	1.51
7	30	0.60	26.9	1.59	23.2	1.66	23.9	1.56	25.6	1.49	—	—
8	30	1.00	21.7	1.61	24.2	1.63	27.6	1.50	26.0	1.62	—	—
9	30	1.30	21.5	1.70	25.0	1.66	25.6	1.59	—	—	27.6	1.63
注：C_w为放矿浓度，Q为排放的单宽流量，w为含水率， ${\rho _{\text{d}}}$ 为尾矿的干密度。

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