Development and application of model test system for mud pumping in ballasted track subgrade
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摘要: 为研究既有线有砟轨道路基的翻浆冒泥机理，自主研发了一套能够模拟循环荷载-湿化耦合作用的模型试验系统。模型试样直径500 mm，由厚度分别为350 mm的路基土和200 mm的道砟组成，整个试样在高强度透明有机玻璃模型筒中制备完成。模型试验系统配备有监测荷载、位移、体积含水率和孔隙水压力的4种传感器，并通过高清相机对颗粒迁移过程进行图像捕捉。基于所研发的试验系统，针对辛泰铁路典型翻浆冒泥病害路段土样，开展翻浆冒泥模型试验。试验结果表明：动孔隙水压力是导致翻浆冒泥病害产生的关键因素。随着体积含水率的增加，动孔隙水压力引起的颗粒迁移量逐渐增加；在饱和状态下，会引起大量颗粒迁移，翻浆冒泥现象显著。试验结束时，道砟污染指数达到25%，在实际工程中已严重影响铁路的正常运营，有必要对污染道砟进行换填。Abstract: In order to study the mud pumping mechanism of ballasted track subgrade on the existing lines in China, a physical modelling system which can simulate the cyclic loading-wetting coupling process is developed. The model sample with a diameter of 500 mm is composed of 350 mm-thick subgrade soil and 200 mm-thick ballast. The whole sample is prepared in a high-strength transparent plexiglass model cylinder. The test system is equipped with four types of sensors to monitor the load, displacement, volumetric water content and pore water pressure, respectively. A high-definition camera is installed to observe the whole test process. The developed test system is used to carry out the mud pumping model tests on the soil samples of typical mud pumping disease sections of railway from Xindian to Taishan. The results show that the dynamic pore water pressure is the key factor for mud pumping. As the volumetric water content increases, the amount of migrated particle caused by dynamic pore water pressure gradually increases. In the saturated state, it will cause a large number of particles to migrate, and the phenomenon of mud pumping is significant. At the end of the tests, the ballast fouling index reaches 25%, which will seriously affect the normal operation of the railway in the actual project. It is necessary to replace the fouled ballast.
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表 1 试验所用土样的基本物理参数
Table 1 Basic physical parameters of soil
颗粒相对质量密度Gs 液限wL/% 塑限wP/% 塑性指数IP 最优含水率wop/% 最大干密度γd, max/(g·cm-3) 2.73 46.1 22.4 23.7 20.41 1.635 
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