Hydraulic erosion characteristics based on transparent soil-rock mixture
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摘要: 土石混合体是一种力学性质极其不均匀的材料，其水力侵蚀过程往往也是复杂和难以预测的。现有的水力侵蚀试验往往难以观察土石混合体水力侵蚀过程的变化，而透明土石混合体是一种可以较好地还原真实土石混合体力学性质的相似材料。基于此，进行了透明土石混合体水力侵蚀模型试验。试验考虑了含石量、块石尺寸、固结压力3个内在因素及流量外在因素。对试验结果进行二维断面分析以及三维重构，结果表明：对于每个试样组，存在一个平均侵蚀速率及临界侵蚀流量，平均侵蚀速率越小、临界侵蚀流量越大表明试样抗侵蚀能力越强。试样的抗侵蚀能力随着含石量增大而先增大后减小，随着块石尺寸增大而先增大后减小，随着固结压力增大而增大。纯土试样在低流速冲刷下最终会趋于光滑、平缓的“S”型岸坡，而在高流速冲刷下会在前端形成较陡的坡，而后端土体几乎被冲走；土石混合体通常在水力侵蚀下呈块状剥离，最终形成表面粗糙的倒梯形岸坡。Abstract: The soil-rock mixture is a material with extremely uneven mechanical properties, and the hydraulic erosion process of soil-rock mixture is often complex and difficult to predict. The existing hydraulic erosion tests often have difficulties in the observing changes in the hydraulic erosion process of soil-rock mixtures. While the transparent soil-rock mixture is a kind of similar material which is of sufficient similarity to the real one. Based on the transparent soil-rock mixture, the hydraulic erosion tests are carried out considering the internal factors including rock content, block size and consolidation pressure as well as the external factor of flow capacity. The two-dimensional section analysis and the three-dimensional reconstruction of the test results show that there is an average erosion rate and the critical erosion flow for each sample group. The smaller the average erosion rate and the greater the critical erosion flow, the stronger the erosion resistance of the samples. The erosion resistance of the samples first increases and then decreases with increase of the rock content, first increases and then decreases with increase of the block size, and increases with the consolidation pressure. The pure soil samples will eventually tend to a smooth and gentle "S" bank slope under the scouring of low velocity, while a steep slope will be formed at the front end under the scouring of high velocity, and the soil at the back end will be almost washed away. The soil-rock mixture is usually peeled off in chunks under hydraulic erosion, eventually forming an inverted trapezoidal shore slope with a rough surface.
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Keywords:
- transparent soil-rock mixture /
- rock content /
- rock size /
- erosion rate /
- 3D reconstruction
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图 3 不同形态侵蚀曲线的侵蚀速率计算区间
Figure 3. Calculation interval of erosion rate of different erosion curves
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图 4 不同含石量下平均侵蚀速率与冲刷流量的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between average erosion rate and scouring flow with different rock contents
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图 7 不同块石粒径试样平均侵蚀速率与冲刷流量的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between average erosion rates and scouring flow with different rock particle size
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图 8 不同粒径组试样变化图
Figure 8. Demonstration of sample change with different particle size group
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图 9 不同固结压力下平均侵蚀速率与冲刷流量的关系
Figure 9. Relationship between average erosion rates and scouring flow under different consolidation stresses
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图 10 不同固结压力下试样变化图
Figure 10. Demonstration of sample change under different consolidation stresses
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图 13 Q=35 m3/h时50%含石量土石混合体三维模型
Figure 13. 3D model for soil-rock mixture with rock content of 50% at Q=35 m3/h
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图 14 Q=55 m3/h时50%含石量土石混合体三维模型
Figure 14. 3D model for soil-rock mixture with rock content of 50% at Q=55 m3/h
表 1 透明土石混合体水力侵蚀试验方案
Table 1 Hydraulic erosion test schemes of transparent soil-rock mixture
组别 固结压力/kPa 含土量/% 含石量/
%块石粒径 1A 2.90 100 0 13~15 mm 1B 2.90 75 25 1C 2.90 50 50 1D 2.90 25 75 2A 2.90 50 50 11~13 mm 2B 2.90 50 50 15~20 mm 2C 2.90 50 50 20~25 mm 2D 2.90 50 50 11~13 mm，13~15 mm粒径组含量各为8.3%；15~20 mm，20~25 mm粒径组含量各为16.6% 3A 1.45 50 50 13~15 mm 3B 4.35 50 50 3C 5.80 50 50 
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