Prevention and control technology of rock burst in deep stope with complex solid boundary
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摘要: 深部复杂立体边界采场在采掘期间很容易发生冲击地压，若采场再留有宽度较大的不规则阶段煤柱，则采场的冲击地压危险性更高。以侧向留设不等宽煤柱、回风顺槽上侧为立体不规则开采边界的赵各庄煤矿4137工作面为研究背景，建立了采场顶板结构力学模型，进行了冲击地压成因分析；在基于耗散结构体的耗散机制研究基础上，针对4137工作面煤层赋存条件，提出了以“L”、“I”型耗散结构体为主导的冲击地压防控技术；通过在不等宽煤柱区域实施“L”型耗散结构体，调整回采巷道煤岩体侧向集中高应力分布、改变了煤层能量耗散模式；通过在工作面实施“I”型弱结构体，在采场超前区域制造出一个动态移动的耗散结构释能体，该耗散结构体扩大了应力场范围、降低了应力集中程度、改变了煤体冲击能量聚集模式；煤层注水使采场煤体得到充分弱化，强化了耗散结构体的防冲功能。该防控技术在4137工作面进行了现场试验，试验显示冲击地压得到有效控制。Abstract: Rock burst is easy to occur in deep stope with complex soild boundary during excavation. If the irregular coal pillar with a larger width is left in the stope, the risk of rock burst in the stope will be stronger. Taking the working face No. 4137 of Zhaogezhuang coal mine with coal pillars with an unequal width at lateral side and a solid and irregular upper side of return air chute mining boundary as the research background, a mechanical model for the roof structures of the stope is established, and the causes for rock burst are analyzed. Based on the researches on the dissipative mechanism of dissipative structure body, according to the occurrence conditions of coal seam in the working face No. 4137, the prevention and control technology of rock burst dominated by L-and I-type dissipative structures is proposed. Through the implementation of L type dissipative structure in the area of coal pillars with an unequal width, the lateral concentrated high stress distribution of coal and rock mass in mining roadway is adjusted, and the energy dissipation mode of coal seam is changed. Through the implementation of I-type weak structure body in the working face, a dynamic moving dissipative structure energy release body is produced in the leading area of the stope. The dissipative structure body expands the range of stress field, reduces the stress concentration degree, and changes the accumulation mode of coal impact energy. The water injection in coal seam weakens the coal body and strengthens the anti-scour function of dissipative structures. The prevention and control technology is tested in the working face No. 4137, and the rock burst is effectively controlled.
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图 3 4137西上工作面时空效应应力分布特征示意图
Figure 3. Temporal-spatial stress distribution characteristics of working face No. 4137 at west upper side
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图 4 4137工作面上顺槽采掘期间冲击危险区域
Figure 4. Impact risk area of working face No. 4137 at side during mining along chute
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图 5 实施耗散结构体前后的应力分布曲线
Figure 5. Mechanical model for near-field structures of coal and rock strata
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图 6 实施耗散结构体前后的应力与声发射分布
Figure 6. Distribution of stress and acoustic emission before and after dissipative structures
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图 7 煤岩层近场结构力学模型
Figure 7. Mechanical model for near-field structure of coal and rock strata
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图 8 端头及后路循环爆破卸压俯视图
Figure 8. Top view of end and back circulation blasting pressure relief
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图 11 Ⅰ型弱结构防控示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of prevention and control by Ⅰ-type weak structures
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图 13 工作面钻孔应力计安装位置示意图
Figure 13. Sketch map of installation position of borehole stress sensors in working face
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图 14 典型钻孔（#24）的钻孔应力随时间的变化曲线
Figure 14. Variation curve of borehole stress with time in typical borehole (# 24)
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