Strength characteristics of slip zone soils of Tongjiaping landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area based on seepage-ring shear tests
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摘要: 滑带土对于滑坡的变形演化起到至关重要的控制作用，开展不同渗透条件下滑带土强度特性研究，对水库堆积层滑坡动态稳定性评价具有重要意义。针对目前在库岸堆积层滑坡滑带土渗透-力学特性方面研究薄弱的问题，以三峡库区童家坪滑坡滑带土为研究对象，采用ARS环剪仪和自主研发的渗透-环剪耦合装置，开展了多种渗透条件下的环剪试验，研究了不同渗透循环次数、循环渗透压变化量、初始渗透压以及恒定渗透压作用下滑带土残余强度特性。试验结果表明：试样在渗透-环剪试验中易出现“应变软化”现象，并且随渗透循环次数的增加而愈发明显；渗透循环会显著削弱滑带土的黏聚力的大小；在相同剪切应力条件下，经渗透作用的各滑带土试样剪应力变化趋势基本一致，残余强度与渗透压呈负相关关系。研究成果揭示了不同渗透-环剪条件下滑带土力学强度弱化规律，为水库运行条件下堆积层滑坡力学机制研究提供了基础。Abstract: The slip zone soil plays an important role in controlling the deformation and evolution of landslides. It is of great significance to study the strength characteristics of slip zone soils under different seepage conditions for the dynamic stability evaluation of reservoir accumulation landslides. In view of the current weak researches on the seepage-mechanical properties of soils of reservoir accumulation landslides, the Tongjiaping landslide slip zone soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is taken as an example to study the residual strength characteristics based on the ring shear tests under different seepage conditions. The ARS ring shear apparatus and the self-developed coupling devices for seepage-ring shear are employed to operate different shear modes of cyclic seepage pressure on the strength variation characteristics of the slip zone soil. The experimental results indicate that the phenomenon of 'strain softening' easily appears, meanwhile, it is promoted by the increase of seepage cycle. Additionally, the seepage cycle significantly weakens the cohesion of the slip zone soil. Moreover, under the same shear stress condition, the change trend of the shear stress under the action of seepage is basically the same, however, the residual strength is negatively correlated with the seepage pressure. The research results reveal the weakening laws of mechanical strength of the sliding zone soil under seepage cycle, which provides a basis for the studies on the mechanical mechanism of accumulation landslides under reservoir operation.
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Keywords:
- Three Gorges Reservoir /
- slip zone soil /
- ring shear test /
- seepage cycle /
- residual strength
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图 7 不同循环次数下滑带土残余强度特征
Figure 7. Residual strength characteristics of slip zone soil under different cycles
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图 8 不同渗透压变化量下的τ-s曲线
Figure 8. τ-s curves under different change amounts of seepage pressure
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图 9 不同渗透压变化量下滑带土残余强度特征
Figure 9. Residual strength characteristics of slip zone soil with different change amount of osmotic pressure
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图 10 不同渗透压变化量条件滑带土残余强度包线
Figure 10. Residual strength envelopes of sliding zone soil under different change amounts of seepage pressure
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图 12 不同初始渗透压条件下滑带土残余强度特征
Figure 12. Residual strength characteristics of slip zone soil under different initial seepage pressures
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图 13 不同初始渗透压条件下滑带土残余强度包线
Figure 13. Residual strength envelope of sliding zone soil under different initial seepage pressures
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图 14 不同初始渗透压力条件下滑带土残余强度参数变化曲线
Figure 14. Variation curves of residual strength parameters of slip zone soil under different initial seepage pressures
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图 16 不同恒定渗透压下滑带土残余强度特征
Figure 16. Peak strength characteristics of slip zone soil under different constant seepage pressures
表 1 滑带土基本物理力学性质指标
Table 1 Basic physical and mechanical properties indexes of slip zone soil
天然含水率/% 饱和含水率/% 天然干密度/(g·cm-3) 土颗粒相对质量密度 液限/% 塑限/% 土样性质 19.58 29.43 1.51 2.72 28.9 17.8 碎土石 
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表 2 滑带土渗透环剪试验方案
Table 2 Scheme of seepage-ring shear tests on slip zone soil
试样编号 渗透压力/kPa 循环次数 有效法向应力/kPa 剪切速率/(mm·min-1) 备注 S1-1 200~150 5 200 0.5 不同渗透压循环次数N S1-2 10 S1-3 15 S1-4 20 S2-1 200~180 5 100，200，300 0.5 不同渗透压变化量Δp S2-2 200~160 S2-3 200~140 S2-4 200~120 S3-1 100~50 5 100，200，300 0.5 不同初始渗透压p0 S3-2 150~100 S3-3 300~250 S3-4 400~350 S4-1 100 — 100 0.5 恒定渗透压pc S4-2 200 S4-3 300
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表 3 不同渗透压变化量条件下滑带土残余强度特征参数
Table 3 Residual strength characteristics of slip zone soil under different change amounts of seepage pressure
试验编号 渗透压变化量/kPa 不同轴压下残余强度/kPa 残余强度参数 100 kPa 200 kPa 300 kPa φr/(°) cr/kPa S2-1 -20 59.94 103.67 135.42 20.81 24.20 S2-2 -40 54.03 97.49 142.00 23.75 9.83 S2-3 -60 50.52 97.00 140.00 24.23 6.36 S2-4 -80 40.29 71.72 101.87 17.22 9.71
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表 4 不同初始渗透压条件下滑带土残余强度特征参数
Table 4 Residual strength characteristics of slip zone soil under different initial seepage pressures
试验编号 初始渗透压/kPa 不同轴压下残余强度/kPa 残余强度参数 100 kPa 200 kPa 300 kPa φr/(°) cr/kPa S3-1 100 85.21 150.22 213.69 32.72 21.23 S3-2 150 57.96 106.97 157.95 26.56 7.64 S3-3 300 42.06 77.86 113.31 19.61 6.49 S3-4 400 45.76 78.88 103.15 18.54 14.33
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