Energy dissipation and fractal characteristics of weakly cemented red sandstone under disturbance impact
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摘要: 为探索动态扰动后西部矿区软岩夹层的能量耗散规律和破坏模式，利用分离式霍普金森压杆装置对弱胶结红砂岩进行动态冲击破坏试验，分析该类红砂岩在受到不同加载速率、不同次数扰动冲击以及是否扰动的条件下，试样在相同加载速率破坏性冲击过程中的能量耗散与分形特征。试验结果表明：在不同速率扰动冲击作用下，随着扰动冲击次数的增加反射能递增而透射能和耗散能呈减小趋势，其中较高速率扰动冲击下试样的反射能高于低速率扰动冲击，耗散能则相反，且低速率扰动冲击下试样的耗散能、能量耗散率和能量耗散密度高于较高速率扰动冲击，表明低速率扰动冲击下试样的能量利用率更高；在破坏性冲击试验中，随着扰动冲击次数的增加，低速率扰动后试样的破碎程度相较于未扰动与高速率扰动更为严重，对应分形维数Db低速率扰动 > 未扰动 > 高速率扰动，表明分形维数与扰动冲击次数呈正相关，与扰动冲击速率呈负相关；在相同扰动冲击次数下，低速率扰动试样的Db所对应累积耗散能和耗散能密度高于较高速率扰动试样，而对应的累积反射能则相反。Abstract: To explore the energy dissipation law and failure mode of soft rock interlayer in western mining areas of China after dynamic disturbance, the dynamic impact failure tests on weakly cemented red sandstone are carried out by using the separated Hopkinson compression bar device. Under the impact of this red sandstone under different loading rates, different times of disturbance and whether there is the disturbance or not, the energy dissipation and fractal characteristics of the samples during the same loading rate impact failure are analyzed. The experimental results show that under different disturbance impact rates, with the increase of disturbance impact times, the reflection energy increases, while the transmission energy and dissipation energy decrease. The reflection energy of the samples under the impact of high-speed disturbance is higher than that of the low-speed disturbance impact, while the dissipative energy is the opposite. Moreover, the dissipative energy of the samples under the impact of low-speed rate disturbance is opposite. The energy dissipation rate and energy dissipation density are higher than those of the high-speed disturbance impact, which indicates that the energy utilization rate of the samples is higher under the impact of low-speed disturbance. In the impact failure tests, with the increase of the number of disturbance impact, the fragmentation degree of the sample after the low-speed rate disturbance is more serious than that of the undisturbed and high-speed rate disturbance. The low-speed rate disturbance of fractal dimension Db > undisturbed > high-speed rate disturbance shows that the fractal dimension is positively correlated with the number of disturbance shocks. The results show that the impact rate is negatively correlated with the disturbance. Under the same number of disturbance impact, the cumulative dissipation energy and energy density of Db of the low-speed rate-disturbed samples are higher than those of the high-speed disturbed samples, while the cumulative reflection energy is opposite.
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Keywords:
- weakly cemented sandstone /
- disturbance impact /
- SHPB /
- energy dissipation /
- fractal dimension
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图 5 不同加载速率扰动冲击下入射能量时程曲线
Figure 5. Time-history curves of incident energy under disturbance impact with different loading rates
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图 6 扰动冲击下砂岩各能量随冲击次数的变化关系
Figure 6. Relationship between energy of sandstone and impact times under disturbance impact
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图 7 不同加载速率循环扰动后试样损伤形态
Figure 7. Damage morphology of samples after cyclic disturbance at different loading rates
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图 8 扰动冲击下耗散能密度与冲击次数的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between dissipative energy density and impact times under disturbance impact
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图 9 扰动与未扰动试样冲击破坏后的破碎形态
Figure 9. Fracture morphology of disturbed and undisturbed samples after impact failure
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图 10 扰动与未扰动试样冲击破坏后的破碎块度分布
Figure 10. Fragmentation distribution of disturbed and undisturbed samples after impact failure
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图 12 分形维数与各累积能量关系曲线
Figure 12. Relationship between fractal dimension and cumulative energy
表 1 红砂岩基本物理力学参数
Table 1 Basic physical and mechanical parameters of red sandstone
密度/(g·cm-3) 纵波波速/(m·s-1) 单轴抗压强度/MPa 弹性模量/GPa 孔隙度/% 1.874 1897 13.78 1.22 22.8 
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表 2 扰动作用下红砂岩冲击破碎块度的筛分结果
Table 2 Screening results of impact fragmentation of red sandstone under disturbing action
试件编号 筛分直径/mm 总质量/g Db 0.080 0.160 0.315 0.630 1.250 2.500 5.000 10.000 15.000 30.000 A1-Z 2.18 3.56 1.52 1.20 0.80 3.44 6.48 2.53 35.82 39.18 96.71 2.365 A3-Z 2.78 4.41 1.33 1.20 0.72 2.65 7.46 3.33 33.96 37.35 95.19 2.403 A5-Z 5.49 10.54 3.23 3.35 2.00 6.95 13.39 13.18 9.37 34.07 101.57 2.592 C1-Z 7.84 5.34 1.38 1.35 0.70 3.35 13.89 24.45 36.46 0.00 94.76 2.586 C3-Z 8.68 12.39 3.50 3.43 2.15 6.68 12.68 15.64 30.57 0.00 95.72 2.644 C5-Z 9.40 17.37 4.56 3.35 1.80 7.91 15.73 16.52 16.6 0.00 93.24 2.673 DZ 3.66 10.41 2.95 2.28 1.19 4.11 4.87 8.50 34.84 23.01 95.82 2.537 注：试件编号说明，A和C分别表示较高速率扰动组和低速率扰动组，编号1，3，5表示需要进行扰动的次数，-Z表示每组所有扰动次数完成后的破坏性冲击试验，DZ表示对照组。
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