Patterns of zonal disintegration and structural control of surrounding rock of deep roadway with different sections
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摘要: 采用理论分析、现场实测、模拟分析的方法，研究了各向等压条件下等效开挖矩形、直墙半圆拱和圆形断面分区破裂形态及围岩稳定结构。结论：3个断面分区破裂形态不同，矩形断面分区破裂呈“
”状分布，直墙半圆拱断面分区破裂呈多层的“ ”状分布，圆形断面分区破裂呈“花瓣”状分布；三个断面位移特征相似，位移等值线浅部呈正立的“鸡蛋壳”形，深部呈“碗”形；支承压力在主破裂面处降低，在最外层主破裂面头部集中，在破裂面之间完整岩层处升高，呈分区集中，“波谷—波峰—波谷”震荡增高的特征向外传播；理想正方形破裂面弦长有an + 1=√2an（n=1，2，3，4）关系；浅部围岩分区破裂形成后，相当于深部围岩的伪开挖，3个断面均存在多层“ ”形围岩承载结构。巷道稳定原理就是促进多层承载结构相互依存，共同承载。具体措施：加密、加粗、加长锚杆（索）支护结构，建立浅部与深部多层承载结构相互联系，在浅部形成稳定锚固体促进深部围岩稳定，主破裂面精准注浆修复围岩破裂面和限制主破裂面滑移。 Abstract: The patterns of zonal disintegration and stability structures of surrounding rock of the equivalent excavation rectangular, straight wall semi-circle arch and circular sections under isotropic isostatic conditions are studied through the theoretical analysis, field measurement and simulation analysis. The conclusions are drawn as follows: the patterns of zonal disintegration of three sections are different. The zonal disintegration of rectangular section exhibits ""distribution; and the straight wall semicircle arch and circular section show " " and "petal" shaped distributions. The displacement characteristics of three sections are similar; the shallow part of the displacement isoline has an upright "egg shell" shape and the deep part has a "bowl" shape. The abutment pressure decreases at the main fracture surface, concentrates at the head of the main fracture surface in the outermost layer, and increases at the complete rock layer between fracture surfaces, showing a zoning concentration. The abutment pressure propagates outward with the characteristics of "wave trough-wave crest-wave trough" that gradually increases. The chord length of an ideal square fracture surface has a relationship of an + 1=√2an(n=1, 2, 3, 4). After the zonal disintegration of the shallow surrounding rock is formed, it is equivalent to the pseudo-excavation of deep surrounding rock. Three sections have the bearing structures of multi-layer " " shaped surrounding rock. The principle of roadway stability is to promote the interdependence and co-bearing of multi-layer bearing structures. The specific measures include encrypted, thickened, lengthened bolt (cable)supporting structures. The relationship between shallow and deep multi-layer bearing structures is established. The stable anchor solid is formed in the shallow part to promote the stability of the surrounding rock in the deep part. The precise grouting should be employed to repair the main fracture surface of the surrounding rock and to limit the slip of the main fracture surface. -
Keywords:
- zonal disintegration /
- surrounding rock structure /
- deep roadway /
- fracture pattern
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图 4 淮南矿区丁集煤矿巷道分区破裂
Figure 4. Zonal disintegration of roadway of Dingji Coal Mine in Huainan mining area
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图 6 朱集西煤矿11502工作面运输巷
Figure 6. Transport roadway of 11502 working face of Zhuji West Mine
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图 7 口孜东煤矿-967 m西翼轨道大巷锚杆与围岩变形
Figure 7. Deformations of anchor and surrounding rock in 967 m west wing track of Kouzi East Mine
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图 9 矩形、直墙半圆拱与等应力轴比圆
Figure 9. Rectangular, straight wall semi-circle arch and equivalent stress axial ratio circle
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图 10 试样单轴试验与单轴校核典型应力-应变曲线
Figure 10. Uniaxial tests and uniaxial check of typical stress-strain curves
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图 11 分区破裂基本形态及位移特征
Figure 11. Basic patterns and displacement characteristics of zonal disintegration in surrounding rock
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图 12 分区破裂围岩支承压力分布特征
Figure 12. Distribution characteristics of supporting pressure of surrounding rock during zonal disintegration
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图 13 矩形巷道分区破裂理想形态及围岩承载结构
Figure 13. Ideal patterns of zonal disintegration and supporting structures of surrounding rock of rectangular roadway
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图 14 直墙半圆拱巷道分区破裂理想形态及围岩承载结构
Figure 14. Ideal patterns of zonal disintegration and supporting structures of surrounding rock of straight wall semi-circle arch roadway
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图 15 圆形巷道分区破裂理想形态及围岩承载结构
Figure 15. Ideal patterns of zonal disintegration and supporting structures of surrounding rock of circular roadway
表 1 数值模型基本力学参数
Table 1 Mechanical parameters of model
密度/(kg·m-3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比ν 内摩擦角/(°) 内聚力/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 剪胀角/(°) 2650 8 0.25 35 3 2 2 
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表 2 数值模型开挖及支护参数
Table 2 Parameters of excavation and supporting structures of numerical model
矩形 直墙半圆拱 圆形（外接圆） 宽5 m，高3.5 m 宽5 m，墙高2.3 m，拱半径2.5 m 半径：3.05 m 锚杆：间排距：800 mm×800 mm，ϕ20 m×2100 m，加长锚固 锚索：间排距：1600 mm×800 mm，ϕ17.8 m×7300 m，加长锚固
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表 3 FLAC3D中锚杆（索）参数
Table 3 Properties of supporting bolt(cable)in FLAC3D
类型 密度/(kg·m-3) 弹性模量/GPa 抗拉强度/kN 黏结刚度/(N·m-2) 黏结强度/(N·m-1) 预应力/kN 锚杆 7500 200 120 2×106 4×105 60 锚索 7850 300 300 2×106 4×105 100
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