黄土中灌溉水入渗过程的现场试验研究

赵志强; 戴福初; 闵弘; 涂新斌

doi:10.11779/CJGE202203019

黄土中灌溉水入渗过程的现场试验研究 English Version

1.
北京工业大学城市建设学部, 北京 100124
2.
中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430071
3.
国家电网有限公司交流建设部, 北京 100031

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金重大项目 41790440

详细信息

作者简介:
赵志强(1989—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事灌溉作用下黄土滑坡诱发机制研究。E-mail: 957114686@qq.com

通讯作者:
戴福初, E-mail: daifc@bjut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU444
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-22
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-28

Field tests on irrigation infiltration in thick loess

1.
Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
3.
State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China

摘要

摘要: 黄土台塬地带频发的滑坡灾害与农业灌溉活动密切相关。为研究水分在原位黄土中的入渗规律，在陕西泾阳南塬开展了场地直径为20 m的灌溉入渗试验，分析了浸水过程中入渗水量，土体体积含水率、基质吸力和孔隙气压的变化规律，揭示了灌溉水在原位黄土中的入渗过程。监测结果表明：①持续灌溉条件下，湿润锋下移深度大于11.0 m，初始入渗率较高，随后降低并趋于稳定，稳定入渗率略小于表层土体的渗透系数。②马兰黄土中存在平行于塬边的竖向裂隙，裂隙最大宽度约为15.0 mm，灌溉水易沿贯通裂隙产生优势入渗。③第一层古土壤（S₁）为透水性地层，当湿润锋抵达S₁下部时下移受阻而移动速率降低，产生最高水头为44 cm的瞬态滞水。④灌溉水入渗过程中孔隙气体被压缩而气压升高，在湿润锋到达前产生气阻效应；不同深度处土体的最大孔隙气压为1.1~4.3 kPa。
- 黄土 /
- 原位监测 /
- 入渗过程 /
- 湿润锋 /
- 优势入渗 /
- 气阻效应
Abstract: Frequent irrigation activities have triggered numerous landslide hazards along the margins of the loess platform. For a better understanding of the process of irrigation water penetrating through stratified loess sediments, a full-scale field infiltration experiment with a diameter of 20 m is conducted on the South Jingyang tableland, Shaanxi Province, China. The amount of irrigation water, volumetric water content, matric suction and pore-air pressure are monitored to reveal the infiltration process of loess sediments. The monitoring results can be drawn as follows: (1) The propagation of wetting front is more than 11 m under the ponding condition. The infiltration rate is initially high, then decreases gradually and finally approaches a constant value less than the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil in shallow depth. (2) The vertical fractures parallelling to the edge of the tableland in Malan loess are revealed through vertical shaft, which has an aperture of less than 15 mm. The preferential flow is observed in the preferential path of the Malan loess layer. (3) The first paleosol layer (S₁) is proved to be permeable, and a transient perched water with a waterhead less than 44 cm is developed above the lower part of S₁. (4) The pore-air in soil is compressed, and an air entrapment ahead of wetting front is observed during wetting period. The maximum pore-air pressure measured in loess sediments varies from 1.1 kPa to 4.3 kPa.
- loess /
- field monitoring /
- infiltration process /
- wetting front /
- preferential flow /
- air entrapment

HTML全文

图 1 研究区概况

Figure 1. General setting of study area

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图 2 竖井及裂隙分布

Figure 2. Photos of shaft and distribution of cracks

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图 3 传感器布置剖面图

Figure 3. Profile view of layout of instruments

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图 4 浸水入渗实景

Figure 4. Site photo of irrigation

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图 5 灌溉水入渗量

Figure 5. Infiltration amount of irrigation water

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图 6 灌溉水入渗过程监测曲线

Figure 6. Monitoring curves of infiltration process

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图 7 侧渗（LP1剖面）体积含水率变化曲线

Figure 7. Variation of volumetric water content in profile LP1 due to lateral water migration

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图 8 不同层位孔隙气压监测曲线

Figure 8. Variation of pore-air pressure at different depths

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表 1 场地土体基本物理性质

Table 1 Physical properties of soil

土层	相对质量密度G_s	塑限 ${w_{\text{P}}}$ /%	液限 ${w_{\text{L}}}$ /%	黏粒含量/%	粉粒含量/%
L₁	2.73	16.4	34.0	20.4~26.1	73.9~79.6
S₁	2.64	19.6	35.2	23.2~29.2	70.8~76.8
L₂	2.72	16.2	31.0	17.5~24.6	75.4~82.5

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