Experimental study on spalling of deep rock under half sine stress wave disturbance
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摘要: 针对深部岩体在应力波扰动作用下所呈现出的层裂破坏现象，基于一维弹性波理论，首先阐明了一个简单的半正弦应力波在单个岩石杆件中的传播机理，并剖析其层裂破坏原理；依据净拉应力与动拉伸强度等特征因子，刻画并表征了其破坏过程。进而，采用SHPB设备开展了岩石杆件的层裂试验，发现层裂后岩石杆件其破坏断口较为齐整，并且与拉伸应力方向基本保持为垂直，属于典型的I型拉伸破坏。并且，层裂长度与理论分析值表征出一致的规律，亦即随着层裂次数增加，岩石杆件断裂的长度将逐渐增大。进一步地分析并揭示了岩石介质发生层裂的根本原因，是由于岩石处于强扰动所致的动力效应与岩石样品自身不均匀性、非线弹性及各向异性所体现出的结构效应而共同作用、相互耦合所引起的。文中所揭示的某些岩石工程破坏行为背后的固有本质，可对岩土工程的精细化开挖与支护设计、岩爆预警与监测等提供相应的理论支撑，其对于深部地下工程的强动力扰动行为与渐进失稳破坏现象，亦有一定的理论指导意义与工程应用前景。Abstract: For the spalling failure phenomenon of deep rock under the action of stress wave disturbance, based on the one-dimensional elastic wave theory, the propagation mechanism of a simple half sine stress wave in a single rock member is clarified, and the spalling failure principle is analyzed theoretically. According to the characteristic factors such as pure tensile stress and dynamic tensile strength, the failure process is characterized. In advance, the SHPB equipment is used to carry out the spalling tests on the rock. It is found that the failure fracture surface of the rock bar after spalling is relatively neat, and it is basically vertical to the tensile stress direction, which means that it is the typical type I tensile failure. Moreover, the spalling length is consistent with the theoretical analysis value. With the increase of spalling times, the fracture length of rock member will gradually increase. Furthermore, the essential reason of rock spalling is analyzed, showing that it is caused by the interaction and coupling of two main factors, i.e., the dynamic effects caused by strong disturbance and the structural effects reflected by the inhomogeneity, non-linear elasticity and anisotropy of rock specimens. The inherent nature of failure behaviors of a rock case revealed in this study can provide corresponding theoretical support for the refined excavation and support design of geotechnical engineering, rock burst warning and monitoring, etc. It also can provide certain theoretical significance and engineering application prospect for the strong dynamic disturbance behaviors and progressive instability failure phenomena of deep underground engineering.
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Keywords:
- deep rock /
- spalling /
- half sine stress wave disturbance /
- dynamic effect /
- structural effect
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图 3 半正弦应力波在杆端反射时典型时刻波形图
Figure 3. Stress waveforms at three special time for reflection of half sine stress wave at terminal of rock bar
表 1 试验参数及结果汇总表
Table 1 Summary of test parameters and results
编号 #1 #2 #3 尺寸/mm Φ50×L521 Φ50×L540 Φ50×L549 气压/MPa 0.2 0.25 0.3 层裂节数/节 6 6 6 层裂强度/MPa 39.72 41.11 49.82 
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