Numerical simulation method for hydraulic fracture pressure of perforated surrounding rock under hydraulic coupling
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摘要: 以多孔介质流体渗流和围岩应力耦合理论为基础，提出一种基于有限容积法(FVM)的水力耦合作用下射孔围岩水力压裂破裂数值模拟方法。首先，考虑初始地应力和流体渗流对射孔围岩的影响，运用坐标转换和叠加原理得到围岩应力分布。其次，考虑围岩渗透率和孔隙度的应力敏感性，通过渗流力学分析确定射孔围岩的流体压力。最后，探讨水力压裂射孔围岩破裂准则的基础上，构建考虑水力耦合的射孔围岩水力压裂力学模型，并基于有限容积法对渗流方程和应力方程予以离散，提出水力耦合作用下射孔围岩水力压裂破裂数值模拟方法。该方法实现了流体渗流与围岩应力的耦合，可精确求解水力耦合作用下射孔围岩水力压裂破裂压力和破裂时间，亦能对流体压力和围岩渗透率演化予以准确描述。相关成果丰富了水力压裂破裂机理的研究，亦可对实际工程设计提供重要的参考。Abstract: A numerical simulation method for hydraulic fracture pressure of perforated surrounding rock under hydraulic coupling is proposed using the FVM based on the coupling theory of fluid flow of porous media and stress of surrounding rock. Firstly, considering the influences of the initial geo-stress and fluid flow in the perforated surrounding rock, the stress distribution of the surrounding rock is obtained through the coordinate conversion and superposition principle. Secondly, considering the stress sensitivity of permeability and porosity of surrounding rock, the fluid pressure field of perforated surrounding rock is determined through the fluid flow analysis. Finally, on the basis of discussing the fracture criteria for the perforated surrounding rock during hydraulic fracturing, a mechanical model for hydraulic fracture perforated surrounding rock considering hydraulic coupling is established. The flow equation and the stress equation are discretized by the finite volume method, and a numerical simulation method for hydraulic fracture under hydraulic coupling is proposed. The method realizes the coupling of fluid flow and stress of surrounding rock, which can accurately calculate the breakdown pressure and time of hydraulic fracture of perforated surrounding rock under hydraulic coupling, and can also accurately describe the fluid pressure field and permeability evolution of surrounding rock. The results illustrate that the stress sensitivity of permeability and porosity induces the more uniform distribution of fluid pressure, the permeability and fluid pressure near the well area increase, the seepage influence range expands, and the fracture pressure and time of surrounding rock decrease. The relevant results enrich the researches on breakdown mechanism of hydraulic fracture and also provide important reference for practical engineering.
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图 8 不同射孔方位角下射孔围岩破裂规律
Figure 8. Breakdown of perforated surrounding rock under different perforation azimuths
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图 9 射孔围岩破裂时流体压力分布图
Figure 9. Distribution of fluid pressure during breakdown of perforated surrounding rock
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图 10 不同压裂时刻典型截面流体压力时空演化曲线
Figure 10. Time-space evolution curves of fluid pressure of typical section
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图 13 井筒与井壁胶结良好时流体压力及渗透率分布
Figure 13. Distribution of fluid pressure and permeability under good cementation of wellbore with well
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图 14 井筒与井壁胶结不好且井壁可渗流体压力及渗透率分布
Figure 14. Distribution of fluid pressure and permeability under bad cementation of wellbore with well
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图 15 考虑应力敏感性下典型截面流体压力时空演化曲线
Figure 15. Time-space evolution curves of fluid pressure of typical section considering stress sensitivity
表 2 FVM模拟计算模型参数
Table 2 Model parameters of numerical simulation in FVM
井筒外径/mm 井筒内径/mm 射孔直径/mm 射孔长度
/mm模型尺寸/(mm×mm) 网格尺寸/(mm×mm) 6 4 1 4 50×50 0.5×0.5 最大水平主应
力/MPa最小水平主应力/MPa 垂向主应力
/MPa围岩泊松比 井筒弹性模量
/GPa井筒泊松比 8.53 6.57 9.85 0.25 200 0.15 弹性模量/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 初始孔隙度 应力敏感性模数M 初始渗透率
/10-17m2368.79 0.715 0.124 0.3 27.194 
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