Modeling sub-surface velocity structures of regional sites
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摘要: 近地表速度结构是全面考虑城市区域场地地震效应，精细模拟地震动场及建筑群震害的基础。针对复杂交错沉积的区域场地，建立了先基于工程地质先验信息限定交错土体边界，利用序贯指示模拟求解各类交错土体空间概率分布，再依据剪切波速与工程地质结构的空间相关关系，借助序贯高斯模拟构建波速结构模型的方法；在搜集分析钻孔波速资料基础上，构建了哈尔滨市区场地三维速度结构模型；通过与工程地质剖面的定性对比分析、剪切波速-埋深统计关系和实测波速的定量比较，验证了方法的可行性。结果表明：构建的三维工程地质模型具有空间预测能力，能够反映区域场地工程地质结构特征，构建的剪切波速结构模型与工程地质结构有很好的相关性，适用于模拟随深度减小剪切波速增大的复杂场地结构。本文模型更利于根据详细岩土类型给定地震反应分析中的非线性动力学参数。Abstract: The sub-surface shear wave velocity structure of regional sites provides an important basis for the comprehensive consideration of the site seismic effects in the fine simulation of urban ground motion fields and seismic damages of building groups. In this study, a method is proposed to establish the complex staggered sedimentary structure of regional sites. First, the boundary of the staggered soils is confined based on the available information of engineering geology, then the spatial probability distribution of interlaced soils is solved by the sequential indicator simulation method, and then the velocity structure is modeled based on the spatial correlation between shear wave velocity and engineering geological structure quantified by the sequential Gaussian simulation method. Accordingly, the three-dimensional (3D) velocity structure of Harbin urban site is modeled based on the borehole soil information and shear wave velocity data. The feasibility of this method is verified through the qualitative analysis of consistence with engineering geological sections and the quantitative comparison with velocity structures tested in boreholes and estimated by the experimental relation between velocity and depth. The results demonstrate that the 3D model makes a good spatial prediction of engineering geological structure and reflects well on the structure characteristics of regional sites. The shear wave velocity structure of the proposed model shows a good correlation with the engineering geological structure, and even the velocity decreases with the increasing depth. Furthermore, in seismic response analysis, the proposed model is far more conducive to specifying the nonlinear dynamic parameters according to the detailed rock and soil types.
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图 2 基岩与其它土体分界面和填土与其他土体分界面
Figure 2. Rock-soil interface (left) and interface between filling soil and other soil
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图 3 填土层和基岩围合的耦合土体三维结构
Figure 3. Three-dimensional structure of filling soil, coupled soil and bedrock
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图 4 碎石土和砂土不同方向的试验变差函数与拟合曲线
Figure 4. Experimental variation function and fitting curves of gravel and sand in different directions
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图 5 细粒土不同方向的试验变差函数和拟合曲线
Figure 5. Experimental variation function and fitting curves of fine grained soil in different directions
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图 6 含淤泥质粉质黏土不同方向的试验变差函数和拟合曲线
Figure 6. Experimental variation function and fitting curves of silty clay with silty clay in different directions
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图 7 细粒土（左）、含淤泥质粉质黏土（中）、碎石土和砂土（右）的概率体剖面
Figure 7. Probabilistic profiles of fine grained soil (left), silty clay (middle), gravel and sandy soil (right)
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图 8 三类土体三维工程地质模型（左）和剪切波速模型（右）
Figure 8. Three-dimensional engineering geological models (left) and shear wave velocity model (right) for three types of soil
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图 9 区域场地三维波速结构模型图（下部灰色部分为基岩）
Figure 9. Three-dimensional wave velocity structure model for regional sites (lower gray part is bedrock)
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图 10 各速度范围三维速度结构
Figure 10. Three-dimensional velocity structures of various velocity ranges
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图 12 钻孔1和钻孔2实测剪切波速结构与经验公式推算结构对比
Figure 12. Comparison between measured shear wave velocity structures of borehole 1 and borehole 2 and structure calculated by empirical formula
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图 13 钻孔1和钻孔2波速函数模型相对误差
Figure 13. Relative errors of predicted values of borehole 1 and borehole 2 by wave velocity function models
表 1 研究区覆盖土层剪切波速分布
Table 1 Shear wave velocity distribution of overlying soils in study area
土层类别 样本个数
/个剪切波速/(m·s-1) 深度/m 填土 242 74~220 0.3~14 碎石土及砂土 3209 97~599 0.5~82.6 细粒土 2289 102~538 1~78 含淤泥质粉质黏土 25 105~443 3~56 岩体 439 357~609 12~93 
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