Thermal effects and infrared detection method for shallow reinforcement corrosion in tunnel linings under natural conditions
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摘要: 隧道随着服役年限增加，衬砌渗漏水、开裂等病害已成常态，由此造成的钢筋锈蚀逐渐显现，钢筋锈蚀一定程度后将引起衬砌剥离剥落，因此，及时发现钢筋锈蚀程度及位置尤为重要。通过室内试验和数值模拟研究了自然温差条件下钢筋锈蚀衬砌的热传导规律，分析了衬砌内外温差、钢筋锈蚀程度对衬砌内表面温度分布的影响规律，探索了红外热成像技术检测衬砌浅层钢筋锈蚀的可行性和适用条件。结果表明：①衬砌内外温差1.0℃~11.9℃时红外检测具有可行性，冬季时衬砌内外温差可满足条件；钢筋锈蚀率为6.51%，19.02%和23.16%时红外检测所需的最小温差为3.8℃，1.8℃和1.4℃。②衬砌钢筋锈蚀率（ρ）与二次衬砌内表面温差（T1）、二次衬砌内外温差（T2）的关系式为ρ=1.1×105T−3.22T31+503.7T−0.92T1。衬砌内外温差为3~30℃时可检测的钢筋锈蚀率为9.78%~1.18%。③通过衬砌内外温差而产生的热传导效应，依据衬砌内表面温度分布可以综合判断钢筋锈蚀位置与锈蚀程度，为隧道衬砌浅层钢筋锈蚀提供了新的快速检测方法。Abstract: With the increase of the service life of the tunnel, the diseases such as water leakage and cracking of the linings have become normal, and the induced reinforcement corrosion gradually emerges. After the reinforcement corrosion to a certain extent, the linings will peel off. Therefore, it is particularly important to discover the corrosion degree and position of reinforcement in time. The heat conduction laws of reinforcement corrosion of the linings under the natural temperature difference are studied through the laboratory tests and numerical simulations, the influence laws of temperature difference inside and outside the linings and the degree of reinforcement corrosion on the inner surface temperature distribution of the linings are analyzed, and the feasibility and applicable conditions of infrared thermography technology for detecting the corrosion of the shallow reinforcement corrosion of the linings are explored. The results show that: (1) The infrared detection is feasible when the temperature difference inside and outside the linings is 1.0℃~11.9℃, and the temperature difference inside and outside the linings can meet the conditions in winter. The minimum temperature difference required by the infrared detection is 3.8℃, 1.8℃ and 1.4℃ when the corrosion rate of reinforcement is 6.51%, 19.02% and 23.16%. (2) The relationship among the corrosion rate of lining reinforcement(ρ), the temperature difference of inner surface of the secondary linings (T1) and the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the secondary linings(T2) isρ=1.1×105T−3.22T31+ 503.7T−0.92T1. When the temperature difference inside and outside the lining is 3℃~30℃, the detectable corrosion rate of reinforcement is 9.78%~1.18%. (3) Through the heat conduction effect caused by the temperature difference inside and outside the linings, the position and degree of reinforcement corrosion can be comprehensively judged from the temperature distribution on the inner surface of the linings, which provides a new rapid detection method for the corrosion of shallow reinforcement in tunnel linings.
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Keywords:
- tunnel lining /
- reinforcement corrosion /
- infrared detection /
- laboratory test /
- numerical analysis
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图 3 混凝土试件破拆后锈蚀状况
Figure 3. Corrosion conditions of concrete specimen No. 2 after demolition
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图 7 不同时刻2号试件表面的红外热像图
图（c），（d）的白色区域表示高温区，红色区域表示低温区
Figure 7. Infrared thermal images of surface of specimen No. 2 at different time
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图 10 不同时刻3号试件表面的红外热像图
Figure 10. Infrared thermal images of surface of specimen No. 3 at different time
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图 12 试件表面各个区域平均温度
Figure 12. Average temperatures in various areas on specimen surface
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图 17 不同自然温差下衬砌内表面温度云图
Figure 17. Temperature cloud chart of inner surface of linings under different natural temperature differences
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图 18 衬砌内表面温差与衬砌内外自然温差的关系曲线
Figure 18. Relationship between temperature difference of inner surface and natural temperature difference inside and outside linings
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图 19 温差5℃时不同钢筋锈蚀率的衬砌内表面温度云图
Figure 19. Temperature cloud chart of inner surface of linings with different reinforcement corrosion rates at temperature difference of 5℃
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图 20 不同自然温差下3组工况衬砌内表面温差变化规律
Figure 20. Variation laws of temperature difference lining inner surface of under three working conditions under different natural temperature differences
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图 21 不同自然温差下钢筋锈蚀率与衬砌内表面温差关系曲线
Figure 21. Relationship between corrosion rate of reinforcement and temperature difference of lining inner surface under different natural temperature differences
表 1 试件钢筋锈蚀率和平均锈蚀厚度
Table 1 Corrosion rates and average corrosion thicknesses of rebar in specimens
试件编号 1 2 3 4 5 钢筋通电时间/h 272 492 432 612 0 钢筋锈蚀率/% 6.51 19.02 15.65 23.16 0 钢筋锈蚀厚度/mm 0.33 1.00 0.82 1.23 0 
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表 2 隧道衬砌内外温度
Table 2 Inner and outer temperatures of tunnel linings
测量日期 洞口温度/℃ 二衬表面温度/℃ 防水板内侧(靠近二衬)温度/℃ 2021-11-14 18.1 19.2 21.1 2021-11-20 17.1 18.4 21.3 2021-11-23 16.5 17.5 22.6 2021-11-25 16.3 17.8 21.8 2021-12-03 15.6 16.9 20.5
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表 3 材料热性能参数
Table 3 Thermal performance parameters of materials
材料 导热系数/(W·m-1·℃-1) 比热容/(J·kg-1·℃-1) 密度/(kg·m-3) 混凝土 1.4 970.0 2242.5 钢筋 48.0 470.0 7850.0 锈蚀产物 0.12 1200.0 5300.0
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表 4 不同自然温差下红外可检测的最小钢筋锈蚀率
Table 4 Infra-red detectable minimum reinforcement corrosion rate under different natural temperature differences
自然温差/℃ 3 5 7 10 13 15 20 25 30 最小钢筋锈蚀率/% 9.78 6.00 4.40 3.18 2.51 2.20 1.70 1.39 1.18
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