Mechanism for stress abnormality and rock burst in variation zone of roof-stratum thickness
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摘要: 顶板覆岩结构是影响煤矿冲击矿压发生的主要因素之一，在坚硬覆岩厚度变化区也容易诱发冲击矿压，这一现象在内蒙深部矿区逐渐凸显。基于弹性力学理论分析了覆岩厚度变化区煤层应力异常的力学机制，采用FLAC3D数值模拟方法研究了覆岩厚度变化对煤层应力分布特征和能量演化的影响规律，揭示了坚硬覆岩厚度变化区煤层开采诱发冲击矿压的机理。研究结果表明：坚硬覆岩较厚区的构造应力比较薄区大，覆岩厚度变化越大或覆岩性质差异越大，构造应力变化越大；工作面在覆岩厚度变化区开采时，受超前支承压力与突变的构造应力叠加影响，覆岩厚度变化区至较厚区应力集中程度较大，该区域积聚的弹性能主要向工作面前方巷道释放，冲击矿压危险更大。两例覆岩厚度变化区工程案例分析表明，在坚硬覆岩厚度变化区及变化区向较厚区过渡时微震事件分布较多，能量释放剧烈，巷道破坏明显，与理论分析较为吻合。Abstract: The roof stratum structure is one of the main factors affecting coal burst, and the coal burst is also easily induced in the variation zone of roof-stratum thickness. This phenomenon is gradually severe in deep mining areas in Inner Mongolia. The stress distribution in the variation zone of roof-stratum thickness is analyzed based on the theory of elastic mechanics. The FLAC3D numerical modeling is then performed to investigate the influences of the variation of stratum thickness on the stress distribution characteristics and energy evolution in the coal seam. The coal burst mechanism due to the variation of stratum thickness is finally released. The results show that the tectonic stress in the thick roof zone is larger than that in the thin roof zone, and the stress gradient increases with the increasing variation in the stratum thickness or the roof properties. In the variation zone of roof-stratum thickness, the superposition of the advanced abutment pressure and the increasing tectonic stress results in a high-stress concentration area. A higher coal burst risk might thus occur in the roadway near the longwall in the roof variation zone to the thicker roof zone, where more intensive elastic energy is released in the coal/rock mass. The comparative analysis of two field cases shows that more seismic activities occur in the variation zone of stratum thickness and from the variation zone to the thicker stratum zone, and the roadway damage is obvious, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis.
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Keywords:
- rock burst /
- overburden thickness /
- tectonic stress /
- abnormality /
- micro seismic activity /
- case analysis
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图 2 构造应力比值与覆岩性质/厚度变化关系图
Figure 2. Relationship between tectonic stress ratio and roof properties or variation of roof thickness
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图 5 覆岩性质及厚度变化对应力变化率的影响
Figure 5. Influences of properties and thickness of overburden on change of stress rate
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图 7 不同推进方式工作面超前支承压力突变规律
Figure 7. Abrupt change of abutment pressure in advance of working faces with different mining modes
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图 8 不同推进方式下煤层弹性能密度切片云图
Figure 8. Section cloud diagram of elastic energy density in different mining modes
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图 9 冲击矿压动静载叠加诱发机理示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of induced mechanism of dynamic and static load superposition under rock burst pressure
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图 10 伊泰某矿103工作面覆岩厚度等值线及微震平面定位图
Figure 10. Contours of roof thickness and distribution map of microseismic plane location of working face 103 in Yitai Mine
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图 11 沿覆岩由薄向厚推进覆岩厚度变化与微震关系图
Figure 11. Relationship between variation of roof thickness and microseismicity when working face advancing from thin to thick along roof
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图 12 中煤某矿3102工作面覆岩厚度等值线及微震平面定位图
Figure 12. Contours of roof thickness and distribution map of microseismic plane location of working face3102 in China Coal Mine
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图 13 沿覆岩由厚向薄推进覆岩厚度变化与微震关系图
Figure 13. Relationship between variation of roof thickness and microseismicity when working face advancing from thick to thin along roof
表 1 模型选用参数
Table 1 Model parameters
序号 岩性 厚度/m 密度/(kg·m-3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 1 细粒砂岩 20 2400 20 0.20 2 中粒砂岩 30* 2500 30* 0.15 砂质泥岩 30* 2200 10 0.25 3 砂质泥岩 10 2200 10 0.25 4 细粒砂岩 20 2400 20 0.20 5 煤层 6 1400 5 0.30 6 砂质泥岩 14 2200 10 0.25 7 细粒砂岩 20 2400 20 0.20 注：表中带“*”参数为方案一、方案二中的可变量。 
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表 2 煤岩体应变软化参数
Table 2 Strain-softening parameters of coal and rock
塑性应变 中粒砂岩 砂质砂岩 黏聚力/MPa 摩擦角/(°) 剪胀角/(°) 黏聚力/MPa 摩擦角/(°) 剪胀角/(°) 0 10.00 36 18 5.00 28 12 1×10-4 6.00 32 10 3.00 24 6 2×10-4 4.00 28 5 2.00 22 2 5×10-4 2.00 24 0 1.00 20 0 1 2.00 24 0 1.00 20 0 塑性应变 细粒砂岩 煤层 黏聚力/MPa 摩擦角/(°) 剪胀角/(°) 黏聚力/MPa 摩擦角/(°) 剪胀角/(°) 0 8.00 32 16 4.00 25 10 1×10-4 5.00 28 8 2.00 22 5 2×10-4 3.00 24 4 1.00 20 2 5×10-4 1.50 22 0 0.50 18 0 1 1.50 22 0 0.50 18 0
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