Numerical analysis of thermal stress induced by solar radiation in concrete-faced rockfill dams
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摘要: 采用基于对偶mortar元的计算接触力学方法,推导了可用于非协调网格的非稳定温度场求解格式,发展了考虑温度应力及非线性接触的热-力耦合计算方法,自主开发了相应的有限元数值模拟程序。对一理想高面板堆石坝进行了考虑夏季太阳辐射作用的热力耦合精细化计算分析。计算结果表明,在夏季太阳热辐射作用下,水上面板的上表面可发生较大的温度升高,最大温度可达51.6℃,并造成面板坝轴向挤压应力显著增大,最大可达22.3 MPa。此时,面板最大挤压应力发生在河谷中部面板的顶部,且挤压应力的高值主要分布在面板上表面的薄层中。这些特点与实际工程发生面板挤压破损的现象相似,表明夏季太阳热辐射所致的面板温度应力,是使面板发生挤压破损的重要原因之一。
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关键词:
- 堆石坝 /
- 面板挤压破损 /
- 太阳热辐射 /
- 对偶mortar有限元 /
- 温度应力
Abstract: Based on the dual mortar method within the framework of computational contact mechanics, the transient heat conduction theory with nonconforming meshes is derived. A new thermo-mechanical coupled method is proposed to account for the temperature-induced stress and nonlinear contact behavior in concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRDs). It is implemented numerically in the authors' in-house finite element code and then used to simulate an ideal CFRD under the solar radiation effect. The numerical results indicate that the solar radiation in summer can cause a significant temperature increase to the concrete face above the reservoir water. The maximum temperature reaches up to 51.6 ℃ and hence contributes a considerable additional value to the axial extrusion stress of the concrete face. The maximum stress is 22.3 MPa and occurs at the central valley near the dam top. The high values of extrusion stress are located at a thin layer near the outer surface. The numerical phenomenon coincides with the common features of extrusion damage from the practical CFRDs, confirming that the thermal stress induced by the summer solar radiation is one of the major factors causing extrusion damage. -
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图 1 天生桥一级面板坝面板挤压破损及挤压应力计算值
Figure 1. Extrusion damages and calculated extrusion stresses of concrete face in Tianshengqiao-1 CFRD
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图 5 面板的温度分布结果（12∶00时刻）
Figure 5. Spatial distributions of the temperature at the concrete face at the instant of 12∶00
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图 7 不考虑太阳热辐射的面板坝轴向应力计算结果
Figure 7. Distribution of extrusion stress of concrete face under initial temperature
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图 8 考虑太阳热辐射的面板坝轴向应力计算结果
Figure 8. Distribution of extrusion stress of concrete face considering solar radiation effect
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图 9 不同时刻面板挤压应力沿高程分布
Figure 9. Vertical distribution of extrusion stress of concrete face at different time
表 1 材料热学性能参数
Table 1 Thermal parameters of different materials
材料 cρ/(106J·m-3·℃-1) k/(J·m·s-1·℃-1) hc/(J·m-2·s-1·℃-1) /(10-7℃) 主堆石 1.63 1.227 12 0.60 8.5 次堆石 1.63 1.227 12 0.60 8.5 排水区 1.63 1.227 12 0.60 8.5 过渡料 1.96 1.717 12 0.60 3.0 垫层料 1.99 1.472 12 0.60 3.0 面板 2.45 2.453 20 0.65 1.0 
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表 2 坝料的邓肯张E-B模型参数
Table 2 Parameters of E-B model for rockfill materials
坝料 φ/(°) ∆φ/(°) K n Rf Kb m 主堆 55.5 11.3 1350 0.28 0.80 780 0.18 次堆 53.0 11.0 1000 0.26 0.79 700 0.16 排水 55.0 12.2 1300 0.31 0.79 800 0.12 过渡 53.5 10.7 1250 0.31 0.78 720 0.16 垫层 54.4 10.6 1200 0.30 0.75 680 0.15
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表 3 坝料的流变模型参数
Table 3 Material parameters of creep model for rockfills
坝料 α b c d m1 m2 m3 主堆 0.0012 0.0008 0.96 0.0012 0.39 0.41 0.63 次堆 0.0017 0.0010 0.74 0.0015 0.47 0.48 0.66 排水 0.0017 0.0008 0.96 0.0012 0.39 0.41 0.63 过渡 0.0012 0.0008 0.97 0.0013 0.39 0.41 0.63 垫层 0.0012 0.0007 0.95 0.0011 0.40 0.41 0.62
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