Three-dimensional numerical simulation of slurry fracturing during shield tunnelling
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摘要: 泥水盾构法是一种重要的隧道施工方法,在复杂工程条件下易发生泥水劈裂破坏,目前国内外对泥水劈裂机理的研究还没有十分有效的方法。发展了基于弥散裂缝模型和流体体积法的泥水劈裂三维数值算法,自主研发了相应的有限元计算程序,开展了盾构隧道泥水劈裂的三维数值模拟,研究了盾构隧道泥水劈裂形态、劈裂过程及其引起的地层位移变化,对比分析了土体黏聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量和隧道尺寸对泥水劈裂形态及劈裂压力的影响。结果表明,劈裂面扩展至地表后,将在盾构机顶部土层内形成下窄上阔的梯形状块体,地层隆起变形主要发生在该块体内。相较于中小直径隧道,大直径隧道的劈裂路径更短,且启裂之后更容易扩展,劈裂风险更高。Abstract: The slurry shield tunnelling is an important construction method which is widely applied in tunnel engineering. This method can lead to slurry fracturing failure to the stratum under complex conditions. However, there is no readily available method which can be used to study the mechanism of slurry fracturing during shield tunnelling. To provide a convenient tool for this issue, a three-dimensional numerical method is developed based on the smeared crack model and the volume of fluid method. It is implemented numerically in our in-house finite element code and then used to simulate a three-dimensional shield tunnel, wherein the morphology and process of the slurry fracturing are simulated. The fracture-induced displacement is investigated. The effects of the soil cohesion, internal friction, modulus and tunnel size on the fracturing are studied. The numerical results indicate that when the fracture propagates till the stratum surface, a trapezoidal block with wide top and narrow bottom can occur in the stratum above the shield machine. This block is found to produce the most part of the upward deformation for the stratum. As compared with the tunnel with relatively small diameter, the large-diameter tunnel has shorter fracturing path toward the stratum surface and provides easier propagation condition for the fracture after occurrence. It is therefore concluded that the safety rick of fracturing is higher in the large-diameter tunnel.
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图 9 内摩擦角和弹性模量对劈裂形态的影响
Figure 9. Effects of internal friction angle and modulus on morphology of slurry fracturing
表 1 土体的邓肯张E-B模型参数
Table 1 Parameters of E-B model for soil
c/kPa φ/(°) K Kur n Rf Kb m 60 30 50 100 0.6 0.95 20 0.5 
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