气态水迁移诱发非饱和粗粒土冻胀的试验研究

刘建龙; 滕继东; 张升; 盛岱超

doi:10.11779/CJGE202107015

气态水迁移诱发非饱和粗粒土冻胀的试验研究 English Version

刘建龙^1,,
滕继东^{1, 2, ,},
张升^{1, 2},
盛岱超^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中南大学土木工程学院,湖南　长沙　410075
2.
中南大学高速铁路建造技术国家工程实验室,湖南　长沙　410075
3.
悉尼科技大学土木与环境工程学院,悉尼　2007

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51878665

国家自然科学基金项目 U1834206

中南大学创新驱动项目 2020CX034

湖南省自然科学基金项目 2020JJ5748

湖湘青年英才项目 2020RC3008

湖南省研究生科研创新项目 CX20200110

中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目 2020zzts146

详细信息

作者简介:
刘建龙(1989— ),男,博士研究生,主要从事非饱和土与冻土等方面的科研工作。E-mail：jianlong8903@163.com

通讯作者:
滕继东, E-mail：jdteng@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU445
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- 文章访问数: 380
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-02
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-30

Experimental study on frost heave in unsaturated coarse-grained soil caused by vapour transfer

LIU Jian-long^1,,
TENG Ji-dong^{1, 2, ,},
ZHANG Sheng^{1, 2},
SHENG Dai-chao^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
2.
National Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction, Changsha 410075, China
3.
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia

摘要

摘要: 寒区高铁粗粒土路基冻胀机理问题一直困扰科研和工程技术人员,气态水迁移诱发冻胀是目前广被关注的解释之一,但在直接试验证据方面研究较少。为证明气态水迁移可以诱发非饱和粗粒土冻胀,并进一步阐释非饱和粗粒土的冻胀机制,基于新开发的粗粒土冻胀试验仪,开展了系列的室内试验。结果表明,仅有气态水补给条件下,无细粒含量的粗粒土发生了明显冻胀,试验测得6 cm高的土柱336 h的冻胀量可达8.30 mm,672 h的冻胀量达到23.46 mm。基于X-CT扫描试验观察了气态水补给下冻胀粗粒土中冰的分布特征,发现在恒定温度梯度下冻土中无层状分布的冰透镜体,仅存在一条包含分凝冰和饱和孔隙冰的水平冻结带。冻胀试验发现土柱的冻胀量随温度梯度的增大而增大；梯度降温更有利于气态水的迁移补给,并导致更大的冻胀；土柱的初始含水率越高,越不利于气态水在土中的迁移,冻胀量越小。气态水补给诱发冻胀的试验现象,对传统液态水在细颗粒中成冰冻胀的冻土理论形成了较好补充,同时对揭示寒区高速铁路路基的冻胀机制有重要价值。
- 冻胀 /
- 非饱和粗粒土 /
- 气态水迁移 /
- 试验研究
Abstract: The frost heave caused by vapour transfer has recently attracted much attention, but there is little experimental evidence so far. A series of laboratory experiments are carried out by using the newly developed frost heave apparatus. The results show that considerable frost heave occurs in coarse-grained soil with zero fine content (<0.075 mm) while the specimen is subjected to only vapour supply. The observed frost heave in the 6 cm-high specimen reaches 8.30 mm and 23.46 mm after freezing 336 h and 672 h, respectively. The characteristics of ice lens is observed by the X-TC tests, and the distinct ice lens formation is not observed in the specimen. Under the constant temperature gradient, only one horizontal freezing zone containing segregated ice and saturated pore ice rather than layered ice lens in the frozen soil is observed. The results also show that the frost heave increases with the increasing temperature gradient. Ramped freezing is more conducive to vapour transfer, and leads to greater frost heave than step freezing. A higher initial water content of the soil specimen results in a smaller frost heave in coarse-grained soil. This study has important implications to reveal the mechanism of frost heave in high-speed railways in cold regions.
- frost heave /
- unsaturated coarse-grained soil /
- vapour transfer /
- experimental study

HTML全文

图 1 试验装置图

Figure 1. Schematic of testing apparatus

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图 2 颗粒级配曲线

Figure 2. Grain-size distribution curves

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图 3 试样顶部的温度和相对湿度（试验1）

Figure 3. Temperatures and humidities at top of specimen (Case 1)

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图 4 土体温度随时间的变化（试验5）

Figure 4. Temperature vs. time (case 5)

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图 5 土柱的温度分布

Figure 5. Temperature profiles in steady state

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图 6 不同时间条件下的冻胀量

Figure 6. Frost heaves at different time

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图 7 冻胀后试样1的xz剖面CT扫描图

Figure 7. Sectional images of frozen specimen 1 tested by X-CT

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图 8 液态水诱发冻胀的分凝冰

Figure 8. Ice lenses in fine-graded soils caused by liquid water

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图 9 不同边界温度条件下的冻胀量

Figure 9. Frost heaves under different boundary temperatures

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图 10 冻胀后试样5的xz剖面CT扫描图

Figure 10. Sectional images of frozen specimen 5 tested by X-CT

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图 11 不同初始含水率条件下的冻胀量

Figure 11. Frost heaves in soils with different initial water contents

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图 12 不同粒径分布的试样的冻胀量

Figure 12. Frost heaves in different soils

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图 13 冻胀后试样8的xz剖面CT扫描图

Figure 13. Section images of frozen specimen 8 tested by X-CT

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图 14 冻胀后试样9的xz剖面CT扫描图

Figure 14. Sectional images of frozen specimen 9 tested by X-CT

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表 1 试样的基本物理参数

Table 1 Physical properties of experiment materials

材料	相对质量密度	最大干密度/(g·cm^-3)	最小干密度/(g·cm^-3)
粗砂(0.5~1.0 mm)	2.63	1.64	1.37
细砾(2.0~5.0 mm)	2.64	1.67	1.45
A组填料(0.075~10 mm)	2.64	1.68	1.47

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表 2 试验条件

Table 2 Test conditions

编号	粒径/mm	初始含水率/%	冷温盘设定温度/℃	试样底部实际温度/℃	试样顶部实际温度/℃	冻结时间/h
1	2.0~5.0	3	-15	-10.01	9.69	168
2	2.0~5.0	3	-15	-10.46	10.1	336
3	2.0~5.0	3	-15	-10.20	10.21	672
4	2.0~5.0	3	-5	-2.37	13.89	168
5	2.0~5.0	3	-5 (48 h) / -10 (48 h) /-15 (72 h)	-1.68 / -5.26 / -9.98	13.61 / 12.28 / 10.06	168
6	2.0~5.0	0	-15	-9.84	9.38	168
7	2.0~5.0	5	-15	-9.83	10.49	168
8	0.5~1.0	3	-15	-10.39	10.67	168
9	A组填料	3	-15	-10.20	9.50	168

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表 3 环境温度和相对湿度的平均值

Table 3 Mean values of air temperature and humidity

试验编号	1,4,5	2	3	6,7	8	9
温度/℃	27.27	25.31	25.87	29.51	27.66	27.35
相对湿度/%	72.62	69.45	69.25	74.96	70.81	74.39

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