Synergistic optimization design method for tunnel support structure system and its application
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摘要: 隧道支护结构体系的设计方法是隧道围岩稳定性控制的基本需求,如何确定合理的支护参数是保证隧道施工安全的关键问题。为此,首先将协同学原理引入隧道支护设计,构建了隧道围岩协同支护系统,阐明了其系统组成、研究层次及表征参数；隧道围岩协同支护的核心为充分发挥支护—围岩系统、构件和要素的工作性能,从而产生协同增强效应,其特点为时机衔接、刚度匹配和变形协调,而其目的则是以最小的支护代价实现围岩稳定,本质上为多目标优化问题；进一步以围岩变形、支护受力和支护成本为设计目标,建立了基于分组加权的目标函数隶属度表征方法,据此提出了隧道支护体系多目标协同优化设计方法。将该方法在新建京张高铁八达岭长城站大跨过渡段进行应用,较之优化前支护性能利用率更高,设计更为合理,为隧道支护结构体系的优化设计提供了一种思路。Abstract: The design method for tunnel support structure system is the basic requirement of stability control of surrounding rock of tunnels. How to determine the reasonable support parameters is the key to ensure the safety of tunnel construction. Therefore, the synergetic principle is introduced to the design of tunnel support, and the synergetic support system of surrounding rock of tunnels is established, and the system composition, research level and characterization parameters are expounded. The core of the synergetic support is to give full play of the performance of the support system, structures and elements, thus resulting in a synergistic enhancement effect. Its characteristics of timely linking, stiffness matching and deformation coordination are revealed. The purpose of synergetic design of the support system is to achieve the stability of surrounding rock with the minimum support cost, which is essentially a multi-objective optimization problem. Furthermore, taking the deformation of surrounding rock, supporting force and support cost as the design objectives, a method for membership representation of objective function based on grouping weighting is established, thus a multi-objective synergetic optimization design method for tunnel support system is proposed. The method is applied in the large-span transition section of the new Badaling Great Wall station of Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway. After optimization, the supporting performance is more efficient, and the design is more reasonable than the original design scheme, which provides an idea for the optimal design of the support structure system.
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图 1 隧道围岩协同支护系统的基本组成
Figure 1. Basic composition of synergistic support system in surrounding rock of tunnels
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图 3 三目标分组加权法的几何解释
Figure 3. Geometric interpretation of three-objective grouping weighting method
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图 4 多目标优化问题的隶属度表征方式
Figure 4. Membership representation of multi-objective optimization problem
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图 6 采用不同度量方式时M-Pareto解的唯一性特点
Figure 6. Uniqueness of M-Pareto solution with different measures
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图 7 参考点的选取对最优解唯一性的影响
Figure 7. Influences of selection of reference points on uniqueness of optimal solution
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图 8 隶属度函数的选择对最优解唯一性的影响
Figure 8. Influences of choice of membership function on uniqueness of optimal solution
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图 10 新八达岭隧道V级围岩段典型断面与地层分布
Figure 10. Typical section and stratigraphic distribution of section of grade V surrounding rock of new Badaling tunnel
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图 12 支护受力测点布置示意图
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of arrangement of measuring points for supporting force
表 1 地层物理力学参数
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of ground
地层名称 重度γ/(kN·m-3) 泊松比μ 弹性模量E/GPa 单轴抗压强度σci/MPa mb s/10-5 a 角砾土 20 0.30 0.447 20 0.175 1.20 0.561 强风化花岗岩 22 0.30 0.570 23 0.504 1.79 0.550 弱风化花岗岩 25 0.25 0.958 29 0.843 4.54 0.531 断层岩 20 0.30 0.447 20 0.437 1.20 0.561 
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表 2 新八达岭隧道支护体系设计参数
Table 2 Design parameters for support of new Badaling tunnel
支护形式 支护参数 锚杆 直径db=32 mm,长Lb=11 m,间距Scb=1.2 m,排距Slb=0.8 m,预应力Fsb=100 kN 锚索 7Φ15.2 mm钢绞线,长Lc=25 m,间距Scc=排距Slc=2.4 m,预应力Fsc=1000 kN 喷射混凝土 C30喷射混凝土,厚度t1=35 cm,弹性模量E1=25 GPa 钢架 4Φ22钢格栅,间距为Ss=0.8 m/榀,等效弹性模量Es=2.66 GPa 二次衬砌 C35现场模筑混凝土,厚度t2=60 cm,弹性模量E2=30 GPa
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表 3 待优化支护参数
Table 3 Parameters for support to be optimized
支护形式 锚杆 锚索 喷射混凝土 钢架 二次衬砌 协同优化参数 间距Scb,排距Slb 间距Scc,排距Slc 厚度t1 间距Ss 厚度t2
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表 4 支护参数优化结果
Table 4 Optimization results of support parameters
支护参数 Scb(Slb)/m Scc(Slc)/m t1/cm Ss/m t2/cm 优化结果 1.2 2.8 30 1 45
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