Influences of normal fault dislocation on response of surrounding rock and lining system based on discrete-continuous coupling simulation
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摘要: 震害记录表明,隧洞结构的破坏多发生在围岩质量差和地层条件有较大变化的断层破碎带。为研究断层错动对围岩-隧洞响应特性的影响,提出基于三维离散-连续耦合理论的跨断层隧洞错断分析方法,并将现有室内模型试验引入验证耦合方法正确性的对比试验中。基于耦合模型,探索细观裂纹不断聚集形成破裂的过程及剪切带的演化规律,研究跨断层隧洞变形机制及内力响应特征,另外,深入分析了衬砌厚度、衬砌混凝土弹性模量和隧洞上覆土层厚度对隧洞受力变形响应的影响。研究结果显示：拉裂纹在上盘内衬砌底部聚集形成倒三角破裂带,剪裂纹呈条带状集中分布在断层错动面处；同时,衬砌在临近断层剪切面处发生急剧变形,上盘内衬砌顶部受压而底部受拉,下盘内衬砌顶部受拉而底部受压；此外,合理范围内提高衬砌厚度及混凝土弹性模量有利于提高衬砌抵抗变形的能力,埋深较大的隧洞在断层错动条件下易受到围岩保护,从而减小变形破坏的程度。研究结果可以为跨断层隧洞的围岩稳定性评价、隧洞抗错断结构设计提供一定参考。Abstract: The seismic damage records show that the destruction of tunnel structure mostly occurs in the fault zone with surrounding rock mass of poor quality and great changes in stratigraphic conditions. In order to study the influences of fault dislocation on the response characteristics of surrounding rock and tunnel, an analytical method based on 3D discrete-continuous coupling theory is proposed, and the existing indoor model tests are introduced into the comparative tests to verify the validity of the coupling method. Based on the coupling model, the process of micro cracks gathering to form fracture and the evolution of shear zone are explored. The deformation mechanism and mechanical response characteristics of a cross-fault tunnel are studied. Besides, the influences of thickness of linings, elastic modulus of concrete and burial depth of the tunnel on its mechanical response and deformation characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the tensile cracks accumulate at the bottom of the tunnel in the hanging wall to form an inverted triangle shear zone, and shear cracks are distributed in strip on the fault plane. Meanwhile, a sharp deformation of linings emerges near the fault plane. In the hanging wall, the top arch is under pressure and the floor is under tension, while, in the footwall, the top arch is under tension and the floor is under pressure. In addition, increasing the thickness and concrete elastic modulus of the linings within a reasonable range is conducive to improving the anti-fault capability of the tunnel. And deep buried tunnel is protected by surrounding rock under fault dislocation to reduce the damage. The research results can provide a certain reference for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock mass and the anti-fault design of tunnels.
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Keywords:
- tunnel /
- normal fault /
- discrete-continuous coupling /
- micro crack /
- stress and deformation response
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图 1 FLAC3D和PFC3D耦合过程示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of coupling process of FLAC3D and PFC3D
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图 2 几何尺寸及关键断面布置示意图
Figure 2. Geometric dimension and arrangement of monitoring sections
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图 5 耦合模型监测断面及测点布设图
Figure 5. Arrangement of monitoring sections and measuring points of coupling model
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图 6 断层垂直错动量6 mm条件下衬砌相对竖向应力
Figure 6. Relative vertical stresses of linings under fault vertical displacement of 6 mm
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图 8 不同断层错动量下的裂纹分布与传播
Figure 8. Distribution and propagation of cracks under different fault dislocation magnitudes
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图 10 不同断层错动量下隧洞衬砌竖向位移
Figure 10. Vertical displacements of tunnel linings under different fault displacements
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图 11 不同断层错动量下隧洞衬砌轴向位移
Figure 11. Axial displacements of tunnel linings under different fault displacements
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图 12 不同断层错动量下隧洞衬砌轴向应力
Figure 12. Axial stresses of tunnel linings under different fault displacements
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图 13 断层错动下围岩及衬砌综合响应示意图
Figure 13. Comprehensive response of surrounding rock and linings under fault dislocation
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图 14 不同衬砌厚度下隧洞受力变形分布曲线
Figure 14. Distribution curves of stress and deformation of tunnel under different lining thicknesses
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图 15 不同衬砌混凝土弹性模量下隧洞受力变形分布曲线
Figure 15. Distribution curves of stress and deformation of tunnel under different elastic moduli of concrete
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图 16 不同隧洞上覆土厚度下隧洞受力变形分布曲线
Figure 16. Distribution curves of stress and deformation of tunnel under different thicknesses of overburden
表 1 计算方案
Table 1 Calculation schemes
序号 衬砌厚度/cm 混凝土弹性模量/GPa 隧洞上覆土层厚度/cm 方案1 1.0 1.50 50.0 1.5 2.0 方案2 1.5 1.50 50.0 1.75 2.00 方案3 1.5 1.50 45.0 47.5 50.0 
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