Regulating effect of detonator location in blast-holes on transmission of explosion energy in rock blasting
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摘要: 从爆炸能量传输和爆炸应力场分布的角度,结合柱状药包爆破过程的数值模拟,揭示了起爆位置的影响作用机制,并开展了现场爆破试验研究,综合评价了上部、底部及中部3种传统起爆位置下爆炸能量的空间分布及爆破效果,设想了一种改进的孔内起爆雷管布置方案。结果表明,起爆位置对传入炮孔周围岩体的爆炸能量具有一定的调控作用,爆炸能量偏向于爆轰波传播的正向传输,起爆雷管的位置决定着爆炸能量沿炮孔轴向的分布。在台阶爆破中,孔底起爆时,爆炸能量偏向于孔口传输,可形成较为理想的爆破漏斗,且能减轻对孔底岩体的损伤与扰动,但其易于形成根底或造成欠挖,而适当上调雷管位置,会使部分爆炸能量向孔底传输,有助于加强孔底岩体的破碎及减少根底。以往多推荐的孔底起爆并非总是最优选择,应根据不同的工程目的及现场情况,适时地调整起爆雷管的位置,以充分发挥其对爆炸能量传输的调控作用,从而实现对炸药能量的优化利用。Abstract: Based on the numerical simulation of a cylindrical explosive charge, the acting mechanism of the detonator location is analyzed from the views of the transmission of explosion energy and the distribution of blasting stress field. Meanwhile, the on-site blasting experiment investigation is also conducted. Finally, the spatial distribution of the explosion energy as well as the blasting outcome under three different traditional detonator locations (including top, bottom and mid-point locations) is comprehensively evaluated. As a result, an improved scheme for the layout of in-hole detonators is proposed. The results indicate that the detonator location plays an important role in the transmission of explosion energy, and it determines the spatial distribution of the explosion energy along the blast-hole axis. The explosion energy is preferentially transmitted to the front direction of the detonation wave. In bench blasting, the explosion energy is preferentially transmitted to the hole-collar under bottom initiation, and it can form relatively better blasting crater. Moreover, the bottom initiation can reduce the damage and disturbance towards the rock mass below the hole-bottom, but it may induce serious toe rocks or under break. The problems of poor rock fragmentation and toe rocks at the hole-bottom can be relieved if moving the detonator upwards, as some explosion energy is transmitted to the hole-bottom in this case. The traditional recommendation of the bottom initiation is not always the best choice, whereas the detonator location should be regulated in time according to special engineering purposes and onsite situations so as to achieve the optimal utilization of the explosion energy.
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Keywords:
- rock blasting /
- detonator location /
- explosion energy /
- transmission /
- regulating effect
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表 1 群孔爆破试验声波检测结果
Table 1 Results of acoustic detection in multi-hole blasting experiment
试验区 声波孔 爆前平均声波速度/(m·s-1) 爆后平均声波速度/(m·s-1) 损伤深度/m η≥10% η<10% Ⅰ区 P1 4700 3778 4608 0.74 P2 4724 3653 4596 0.72 Ⅱ区 P3 4684 3555 4619 0.78 P4 4709 3564 4641 0.79 -
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