Study and application of control indices for filling quality of high concrete face rockfill dams
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摘要: 利用建设中的阿尔塔什高面板坝的堆石料填筑级配,进行了现场大型相对密度试验,结合三因素图研究了堆石体采用孔隙率和相对密度双控填筑标准的设计方法,并利用堆石料挖坑检测资料说明了相应的现场填筑质量控制流程。结果表明：①堆石料的填筑级配基本为分形分布,粒度分形维数在2.516～2.633之间,压实性能较优；②当堆石料的最大粒径达到400 mm时,其干密度缩尺效应已经较小,可直接利用最大控制粒径等于400 mm级配的相对密度试验结果制作三因素图,作为评价现场堆石体压实质量的依据；③满足设计孔隙率不大于19%的堆石体,如果增设相对密度压实标准,则相对密度需满足不小于0.76,则仍有15%的检测坑不满足双控填筑标准要求的压实程度。孔隙率受级配影响较大,仅仅满足设计孔隙率要求,不能保证堆石体都能得到充分的压实,理论上不适合作为堆石体的压实标准；④采用孔隙率和相对密度双控填筑标准,为设计级配优良且充分压实的堆石体提供了理论依据,可以更好地满足高土石坝对于变形控制的要求,是保证高坝建设与运行安全的基础。Abstract: Based on the filling gradation of rockfill of Aertashi high concrete face dam under construction, field large-scale relative density tests are carried out. The three-factor map is used to study the design method of the double-control filling standards of porosity and relative density of the rockfill. Based on the pit detection data of the rockfill, the corresponding on-site filling quality control process is explained. The results show that: (1) The filling gradation of the rockfill of Aertashi concrete face dam is basically in accordance with the fractal distribution, the fractal dimension of particle size is between 2.516 and 2.633, and the compaction performance is superior. (2) From the different scales of the similar method, the relative density test results of the rockfill can be obtained. The scale effect of dry density of the rockfill is already small when the maximum particle diameter reaches 400 mm. The three-factor map can be directly produced by using the relative density test results of the maximum control particle diameter equal to gradation of 400 mm as the basis for evaluating the compaction quality of the rockfill on site. (3) For the rockfill satisfying the design porosity of not more than 19%, the relative density must not be less than 0.76 if the relative density is required to be compacted. There are still 15% of the test pits that do not meet the compaction requirements of the double-control filling standards. The porosity of the rockfill is greatly affected by the gradation. The rockfill that meets the porosity requirements cannot guarantee sufficient compaction. It is theoretically not suitable as the compaction standards for the rockfill. (4) The double-controlled filling standards of porosity and relative density provide a theoretical basis for the design of well-graded and fully compacted rockfill. They can better meet the deformation control requirements of high rockfill dams and are the foundation for ensuring the safety of theirconstruction and operation.
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本文现场试验得到了新疆新华叶河公司王志坚副总经理和水电五局吴高见总工程师以及部分现场技术人员的大力协助,在此表示衷心感谢！
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图 1 堆石料填筑级配以及粒度分形维的概率分布
Figure 1. Probability distribution of filling gradation and fractal dimension of rockfill
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图 2 平均级配堆石料的大型相对密度试验级配
Figure 2. Large relative density test gradation of averagely-graded rockfill (different scale ratios)
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图 3 堆石料的现场大型相对密度试验级配
Figure 3. Field large-scale relative density test gradation of rockfill
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图 5 堆石料现场大型相对密度试验结果
Figure 5. Large-scale relative density test results of rockfill materials
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图 6 堆石体双控填筑标准示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of double-control filling standards for rockfill
表 1 平均级配的极值干密度与最大粒径的关系
Table 1 Relationship between average gradation dry density and maximum particle size
最大粒径/mm 分形维D 试验干密度/(g·cm-3) 最小值 最大值 500 2.575 1.919 2.361 400 2.575 1.917 2.362 300 2.575 1.911 2.357 150 2.575 1.873 2.335 
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表 2 堆石料现场相对密度试验结果
Table 2 Test results of relative density of rockfill
粒度分形维D 2.516 2.551 2.579 2.609 2.633 干密度/(g·cm-3) 最大 2.320 2.337 2.362 2.349 2.332 最小 1.881 1.903 1.917 1.913 1.888
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