Triaxial creep properties and model of red sandstone under freeze-thaw environment
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摘要: 为研究寒区岩体工程在冻融循环与长期荷载耦合作用下的时效力学特性,对不同冻融循条件下的饱和红砂岩进行分级加卸载三轴蠕变试验,研究冻融循环对岩石蠕变特性的影响。结果表明：冻融循环对红砂岩蠕变变形的影响与加载应力水平有关。低应力水平下,岩石黏弹性应变随冻融次数的增加近似线性缓慢增长；而高应力水平时则呈非线性增长；黏塑性应变随冻融次数的增加均呈近似线性增长,第四级加载应力水平（70%
σc ）为红砂岩蠕变变形特征的分界点。红砂岩稳态蠕变速率随冻融循环次数的增加呈指数型增长。根据红砂岩蠕变试验结果,建立考虑冻融循环作用影响及蠕变损伤的冻融-损伤蠕变模型,得到三维应力状态下岩石蠕变本构方程；对模型进行验证及参数识别,理论值与试验值吻合较好；分析了冻融循环作用对模型参数的影响。研究结果为寒区岩体工程的建设及长期稳定性分析提供理论依据。Abstract: In order to study the time-effectiveness mechanical properties of rock mass engineering in cold regions under the coupling of freeze-thaw cycles and long-term loads, the triaxial multi-level loading and unloading creep tests are carried out on saturated red sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles. The results show that the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the creep deformation of red sandstone are related to the loading stress level. At low stress levels, the viscoelastic strain of rock increases approximately linearly and slowly with the increasing freeze-thaw cycles, and at high stress levels, it increases nonlinearly. The viscoplastic strain increases linearly with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The fourth-level loading stress level (70%σc ) is the boundary point of the creep deformation characteristics of red sandstone. The steady-state creep rate of red sandstone increases exponentially with the increase of the freeze-thaw cycles. Based on the creep test results of the red sandstone, the freeze-thaw-damage creep model considering the effects of freeze-thaw cycles and creep damage is established. The creep equation for rock under three-dimensional stress is obtained. The proposed model is verified and its parameters are identified. The theoretical and experimental data are in good agreement. The influences of freeze-thaw cycles on the model parameters are analyzed. The research results may provide a theoretical basis for the construction of rock mass engineering and long-term stability analysis in cold regions. -
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图 2 TAW-1000岩石三轴蠕变试验机及试样安装
Figure 2. TAW-1000 rock triaxial creep test machine and sample installation
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图 3 冻融后红砂岩分级加卸载三轴蠕变加载方式
Figure 3. Multilevel loading and unloading method for triaxial creep tests on red sandstone after freeze-thaw
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图 4 围压为2 MPa时,不同冻融循环次数后红砂岩加卸载蠕变曲线
Figure 4. Multi-level loading and unloading creep curves of red sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles at confining pressure of 2 MPa
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图 5 不同应力水平蠕应变随冻融循环次数变化
Figure 5. Change of creep strain with number of freeze-thaw cycles under different stress levels
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图 6 不同应力水平黏弹、黏塑性应变随冻融循环次数变化
Figure 6. Changes of viscoelastic and viscoplastic strain with number of freeze-thaw cycles under different stress levels
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图 7 第四级应力水平稳态蠕变速率随冻融循环次数变化
Figure 7. Change of steady-state creep rate with number of freeze-thaw cycles at fourth stress level
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图 10 冻融5次,围压2 MPa条件下,各级蠕变试验结果及模型理论曲线
Figure 10. Creep data and model curves at various levels under 5 freeze-thaw cycles at confining pressure of 2 MPa
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图 11 不同应力水平条件下,蠕变模型各参数与冻融循环次数的关系曲线
Figure 11. Curves of parameters of creep model versus number of freeze-thaw cycles under different stress levels
表 1 围压2 MPa时,不同冻融条件下红砂岩三轴蠕变试验中各级偏应力加载值
Table 1 Deviatoric stresses in triaxial creep tests on red sandstone after different freeze-thaw conditions at confining pressure of 2 MPa
冻融循环次数/次 岩样编号 纵波波速/(m·s-1) 偏应力水平/MPa 第一级 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 第六级 0 24-6 1185 8.27 10.34 12.40 14.47 16.54 18.60 1 24-16 1174 7.65 9.57 11.48 13.39 15.30 17.22 5 24-9 1191 7.12 8.90 10.67 12.45 14.23 16.01 9 24-22 1164 6.74 8.43 10.12 11.80 13.49 15.17 13 24-1 1180 6.60 8.26 9.91 11.56 13.21 14.86 
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表 2 围压2 MPa时,冻融5次后模型参数
Table 2 Model parameters after 5 freeze-thaw cycles at confining pressure of 2 MPa
偏应力/MPa K1(N)/GPa G1(N)/GPa K2(N)/GPa G2(N)/GPa G3(N)/GPa η1(N)/(GPa∙h-1) η2(N)/(GPa∙h-1) α(N) R2 7.12 0.823 0.706 10.248 8.679 27.914 35.707 0.9803 8.90 0.892 0.681 11.358 7.761 29.650 31.068 0.9453 10.67 1.014 0.678 12.033 6.435 33.722 29.147 0.9719 12.45 1.152 0.660 13.714 5.726 26.912 37.183 0.9486 14.23 1.302 0.640 14.847 4.895 27.377 38.027 0.9935 16.01 1.354 0.631 15.628 4.120 26.642 35.014 11.587 0.286 0.9524
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