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土力学理论需要发展与变革

赵成刚, 李舰, 宋朝阳, 蔡国庆, 刘艳

赵成刚, 李舰, 宋朝阳, 蔡国庆, 刘艳. 土力学理论需要发展与变革[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2018, 40(8): 1383-1394. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201808003
引用本文: 赵成刚, 李舰, 宋朝阳, 蔡国庆, 刘艳. 土力学理论需要发展与变革[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2018, 40(8): 1383-1394. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201808003
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ZHAO Cheng-gang, LI Jian, SONG Zhao-yang, CAI Guo-qing, LIU Yan. Theories of soil mechanics need reform and development[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2018, 40(8): 1383-1394. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201808003
Citation: ZHAO Cheng-gang, LI Jian, SONG Zhao-yang, CAI Guo-qing, LIU Yan. Theories of soil mechanics need reform and development[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2018, 40(8): 1383-1394. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201808003
shu

土力学理论需要发展与变革  English Version

  • 1.北京交通大学土建学院, 北京100044;
    2.桂林理工大学土木建筑学院, 广西桂林541004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51478135）

Theories of soil mechanics need reform and development

  • 1. School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;
    2. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China

摘要

    摘要
  • 摘要: 土力学经过90多年的发展,已经成为岩土工程中不可缺少的理论分析工具。但土力学目前仍然处于半理论、半经验的状态,其理论预测结果具有非常大的不确定性。如何克服这些不足,使土力学理论不断向前发展和变革,是土力学研究者不可推卸的责任。首先,基于土的易变性与敏感性论证了土是一种非常复杂的、难以用简单的一、两个变量进行精确定量描述的材料; 其次,揭示了土力学目前是一种简化的理论,忽略了很多影响因素,难以描述土的复杂性质,由此产生了非常大的不确定性; 第三,指出有效应力原理实质上是一种等效的近似方法,并就有效应力的定义、表述、理解和作用及其局限性进行了研究和探讨; 最后,针对土力学目前存在的不足以及发展、变革的需求,提出了建立考虑多因素相互作用和影响的土力学理论的观点,提倡用多个因素(或多场)作用的观点研究和描述土的性质和行为。
    Abstract: With more than 90 years of development, the soil mechanics has become an indispensable theoretical analysis tool in geotechnical engineering. On the one hand, the soil mechanics is still a subject containing half theory and half experience, and its theoretical predictions are greatly uncertain. On the other hand, the geotechnical engineering problems become more complex and more important with the economic and social development. These situations force the development and reform of theories of soil mechanics. Firstly, the soil is demonstrated to be a kind of variable and sensitive material consisting of solid particles, pore water and pore air. Thus, it is difficult to accurately and quantitatively describe soil behaviors by using a simple one or two variables. Secondly, it is revealed that the principle of effective stress is a kind of simplified theory ignoring the effects of other factors on the strength and deformation of soils with the exception of effective stress. Therefore the classic soil mechanism is difficult to describe the complex soil behaviors, which results in a very large uncertainty of predicted results for soil behaviors. Thirdly, it is pointed out that the principle of effective stress is an equivalent approximation method, and the definition, expression and comprehension of the effective stress and its limitations are studied and discussed for saturated and unsaturated soils as follows: (1) In fact, the effective stress is an equation to describe the distribution of the total stress to the effective stress and the pore pressure. Then a two-phase saturated soil is simplified to a single-phase medium. The change of pore water pressure with void ratio, soil structure and other factors under given loading conditions implies that the effective stress is not an independent stated variable. (2) The single stress expressions for unsaturated soils is also proposed in the same way. However, its depicting ability for mechanical behaviors of unsaturated soils is not satisfactory. Then, the double stress variables are proposed to describe the mechanical behaviors of unsaturated soils. (3) It should be noted that the effective stress is the main controlling variable for the strength and deformation of saturated soils rather than the only one. Finally, in view of the current shortcomings of soil mechanics and the demand of geotechnical engineering problems, it is proposed to establish the soil mechanics considering the interaction and influence of multiple factors, and to advocate the study and description of soil behavior with the viewpoints of multiple factors (or multiple fields) rather than using only the effective stress.
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  • 收稿日期:  2017-09-10
  • 发布日期:  2018-08-24

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