Prediction of longitudinal movement and deformation of stratum in longitudinal section due to tunnel construction by shield

The settlement or heave of ground surface due to tunnel excavation or push of shield is considered as a stochastic process and the stochastic medium theory is applied to predict and analyze the movement and deformation of stratum in longitudinal section due to tunnel construction, and the corresponding calculating formulas are derived. An example of case history shows that the prediction method developed in this paper can obtain good results.