Development and verification of large-scale true triaxial apparatus with rigid-flexible-flexible loading boundary mechanism

SHAO Sheng-Jun; WANG Yong-xin

doi:10.11779/CJGE201908005

Volume 41 Issue 8

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Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering > 2019 > 41(8): 1418-1426. > DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201908005

SHAO Sheng-Jun, WANG Yong-xin. Development and verification of large-scale true triaxial apparatus with rigid-flexible-flexible loading boundary mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(8): 1418-1426. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201908005

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Development and verification of large-scale true triaxial apparatus with rigid-flexible-flexible loading boundary mechanism

SHAO Sheng-Jun^1,2,
WANG Yong-xin¹

1.Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China;
2. Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Loess Mechanics and Engineering , Xi'an 710048, China

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Received Date: June 10, 2018
Published Date: August 24, 2019

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Abstract

The true triaxial apparatus is the key equipment to study the variation laws of the deformation strength of soils under the action of three-dimensional principal stress. It is also a test instrument for theoretical study of geotechnical mechanics. On the basis of vertical rigid and horizontal orthogonal two-direction flexible triaxis loading equipment developed by Xi'an University of Technology, the self-developed small true triaxis instruments with sample sizes of 70 mm×70 mm×70 mm and 70 mm×70 mm×140 mm are further developed into a large one with 300 mm×300 mm×600 mm with both upper and lower servo-controlled synchronous loading. The true triaxis instrument includes the main frame of the pressure chamber, vertical main stress loading servo-control hydraulic oil source, main stress loading servo-control hydraulic variable controller in the horizontal plane, sample pore water pressure servo-control hydraulic controller, and the servo-control and signal acquisition and control system. The loading equipment of the pressure chamber has a baffle with horizontal rotation along the vertical axis, radial rolling and expansion movement under hydraulic driving, which effectively separates the adjacent flexible hydraulic bag. In the development of the true triaxis instrument, special structure latex film and sample mold, axial plate rolling structure and PID-closed control optimization algorithm are used to solve the problem of sample preparation and installation, test operation, boundary influence and so on. The problems of the interference of the orthogonal two-direction flexible loading cavity in horizontal plane as well as the stability of the dynamic control system are solved. Finally, the large-scale true triaxis apparatus is used to verify the tests on remolded loess under the same value of b. The stress-strain characteristics and shear strength of the remolded loess are consistent.
- large-scale true triaxial apparatus,
- flexible loading cavity,
- isolating balance device,
- PID-closed control algorithm,
- remolded loess

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References

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[4]	HAMBLEY E C.A new true triaxial apparatus[J]. Géotechnique, 1969, 19(2): 307-309.
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[7]	邵生俊, 许萍, 邵帅, 等. 一室四腔刚-柔加载机构真三轴仪的改进与强度试验——西安理工大学真三轴仪[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2017, 39(9): 1575-1582. (SHAO Sheng-jun, XU Ping, SHAO Shuai, et al.Improvement and strength testing of true tri-axial apparatus with one chamber and four cells and rigid-flexible-flexible loading boundary mechanism: true triaxial apparatus developed in Xi'an University of Technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(9): 1575-1582. (in Chinese))
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[9]	PRASHANT A, PENUMADU D.Effect of intermediate principal stress on overconsolidated kaolin clay[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 2004, 130(3): 284-292.
[10]	叶冠林, 盛佳韧, 武朝军, 等. 自动控制真三轴仪的研制及验证[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2011, 33(3): 380-385. (YE Guan-lin, SHENG Jia-ren, WU Chao-jun, et al.Design and verification of automatic true triaxial apparatus[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33(3): 380-385. (in Chinese))
[11]	殷建华, 周万欢, KUMRUZZAMAN M D, 等. 新型混合边界真三轴仪加载装置及岩土材料试验结果[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2010, 32(4):493-499. (YIN Jian-hua, ZHOU Wan-huan, KUMRUZZAMAN M D, et al.New mixed boundary true triaxial loading device for testing study on 3-D stress-strain-strength behaviour of geomaterials[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2010, 32(4): 493-499. (in Chinese))
[12]	施维成, 朱俊高, 代国忠, 等. 球应力和偏应力对粗粒土变形影响的真三轴试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2015, 37(5): 776-783. (SHI Wei-cheng, ZHU Jun-gao, DAI Guo-zhong, et al.True triaxial tests on influence of spherical and deviatoric stresses on deformation of coarse-grained soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(5): 776-783. (in Chinese))
[13]	SHI W C, ZHU J G, CHIU C F, et al.Strength and deformation behaviour of coarse-grained soil by true triaxial tests[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2010, 17(5): 1095-1102.
[14]	ANHDAN L Q, KOSEKI J, HAYANO K, et al.True triaxial apparatuses with two rigid boundaries[C]// Geo-Frontiers Congress. Austin, 2005: 1-10.
[15]	周跃峰, 潘家军, 程展林, 等. 基于大型真三轴试验的砂砾石料强度-剪胀特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(11): 2818-2825. (ZHOU Yue-feng, PAN Jia-jun, CHENG Zhan-lin, et al.Strength and dilation of sandy gravel material based on large-scale true triaxial tests[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(11): 2818-2825. (in Chinese))
[16]	ALSHIBLI K, WILLIAMS H.A true triaxial apparatus for soil testing with mixed boundary conditions[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2005, 28(6): 534-543.
[17]	CHOI C, ARDUINO P, HARNEY M D.Development of a true triaxial apparatus for sands and gravels[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2008, 31(1): 32-44.
[18]	PENUMADU D, PRASHANT A. Automated flexible boundary true triaxial system for cohesive soils[J]. Geotechnical Special Publication, 2005(130).
[19]	MANDEVILLE D, PENUMADU D.True triaxial testing system for clay with proportional-integral-differential control[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2004, 27(2): 1-12.
[20]	殷宗泽, 朱俊高. 真三轴仪的改进[C]// 第一届全国岩土本构理论研讨会论文集. 北京, 2008. (YIN Zong-ze, ZHU Jun-gao.Improvement of true triaxial apparatus[C]// Proceedings of 1^st National Conference on Geotechnical Constitutive Theory. Beijing, 2008. (in Chinese))
[21]	俞茂宏, 昝月稳, 范文, 等. 20世纪岩石强度理论的发展——纪念Mohr-Coulomb强度理论100周年[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2000, 19(5): 545-550. (YU Mao-hong, ZAN Yue-wen, FAN Wen, et al.Advances in strength theory of rock in 20 century: 100 years in memory of the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2000, 19(5): 545-550. (in Chinese))
[22]	KJELLMAN W.Report on an apparatus for consummate investigation of the mechanical properties[C]// Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Cambridge, 1936.
[23]	HAMBLEY E C.A new true triaxial apparatus[J]. Géotechnique, 1969, 19(2): 307-309.
[24]	GREEN G E.Strength and deformation of sand measured in an independent stress control cell[C]// Proceedings of the Roscoe Memorial Symposium. London, 1971.
[25]	邵生俊, 罗爱忠, 邓国华, 等. 一种新型真三轴仪的研制与开发[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2009, 31(8): 1172-1179. (SHAO Sheng-jun, LUO Ai-zhong, DENG Guo-hua, et al.Development of a new true tri-axial apparatus[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2009, 31(8): 1172-1179. (in Chinese))
[26]	邵生俊, 许萍, 邵帅, 等. 一室四腔刚-柔加载机构真三轴仪的改进与强度试验——西安理工大学真三轴仪[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2017, 39(9): 1575-1582. (SHAO Sheng-jun, XU Ping, SHAO Shuai, et al.Improvement and strength testing of true tri-axial apparatus with one chamber and four cells and rigid-flexible-flexible loading boundary mechanism: true triaxial apparatus developed in Xi'an University of Technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(9): 1575-1582. (in Chinese))
[27]	SHAO S, WANG Q, LUO A, et al.True triaxial apparatus with rigid-flexible-flexible boundary and remolded loess testing[J]. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2017, 45(3): 1-10.
[28]	PRASHANT A, PENUMADU D.Effect of intermediate principal stress on overconsolidated kaolin clay[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 2004, 130(3): 284-292.
[29]	叶冠林, 盛佳韧, 武朝军, 等. 自动控制真三轴仪的研制及验证[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2011, 33(3): 380-385. (YE Guan-lin, SHENG Jia-ren, WU Chao-jun, et al.Design and verification of automatic true triaxial apparatus[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33(3): 380-385. (in Chinese))
[30]	殷建华, 周万欢, KUMRUZZAMAN M D, 等. 新型混合边界真三轴仪加载装置及岩土材料试验结果[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2010, 32(4):493-499. (YIN Jian-hua, ZHOU Wan-huan, KUMRUZZAMAN M D, et al.New mixed boundary true triaxial loading device for testing study on 3-D stress-strain-strength behaviour of geomaterials[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2010, 32(4): 493-499. (in Chinese))
[31]	施维成, 朱俊高, 代国忠, 等. 球应力和偏应力对粗粒土变形影响的真三轴试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2015, 37(5): 776-783. (SHI Wei-cheng, ZHU Jun-gao, DAI Guo-zhong, et al.True triaxial tests on influence of spherical and deviatoric stresses on deformation of coarse-grained soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(5): 776-783. (in Chinese))
[32]	SHI W C, ZHU J G, CHIU C F, et al.Strength and deformation behaviour of coarse-grained soil by true triaxial tests[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2010, 17(5): 1095-1102.
[33]	ANHDAN L Q, KOSEKI J, HAYANO K, et al.True triaxial apparatuses with two rigid boundaries[C]// Geo-Frontiers Congress. Austin, 2005: 1-10.
[34]	周跃峰, 潘家军, 程展林, 等. 基于大型真三轴试验的砂砾石料强度-剪胀特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(11): 2818-2825. (ZHOU Yue-feng, PAN Jia-jun, CHENG Zhan-lin, et al.Strength and dilation of sandy gravel material based on large-scale true triaxial tests[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(11): 2818-2825. (in Chinese))
[35]	ALSHIBLI K, WILLIAMS H.A true triaxial apparatus for soil testing with mixed boundary conditions[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2005, 28(6): 534-543.
[36]	CHOI C, ARDUINO P, HARNEY M D.Development of a true triaxial apparatus for sands and gravels[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2008, 31(1): 32-44.
[37]	PENUMADU D, PRASHANT A. Automated flexible boundary true triaxial system for cohesive soils[J]. Geotechnical Special Publication, 2005(130).
[38]	MANDEVILLE D, PENUMADU D.True triaxial testing system for clay with proportional-integral-differential control[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2004, 27(2): 1-12.

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Development and verification of large-scale true triaxial apparatus with rigid-flexible-flexible loading boundary mechanism

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