• 全国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 美国工程索引(EI)收录期刊
  • Scopus数据库收录期刊
ZHAO Yun, LING Dao-sheng, WANG Yun-long, HUANG Bo. Modified one-step method and its adaptive system of TDR[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2016, 38(5): 818-827. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201605007
Citation: ZHAO Yun, LING Dao-sheng, WANG Yun-long, HUANG Bo. Modified one-step method and its adaptive system of TDR[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2016, 38(5): 818-827. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201605007

Modified one-step method and its adaptive system of TDR

More Information
  • Received Date: April 13, 2015
  • Published Date: May 24, 2016
  • The key of using the technology of time domain reflectometry (TDR) is to establish the empirical equation for the relationship among electromagnetic parameters, water content and dry density. Based on the one-step method, two empirical equations are established for the content, dry density, apparent dielectric constant and drop volt parameter, which can calculate the water content and dry density respectively. Then the influence laws of compaction energy, pore fluid conductivity and temperature on the calculated results by the new equations are analyzed. After calibration, the relative error of dry density is within ±5%, and the error of water content is within±0.02 g.g-1. Meanwhile, an adaptive method is proposed to test the water content and dry density by using the TDR method conveniently and efficiently in the field tests in which the calibration tests may not be comducted.
  • [1]
    NOBORIO K. Measurement of soil water content and electrical conductivity by time domain reflectometry: a review[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2001, 31(3): 213-237.
    [2]
    DRNEVICH V P, LIN C P, YI Q, et al. Real-time determination of soil type, water content, and density using electromagnetics[R]. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 2001.
    [3]
    IMHOFF P T, REINHART D R, ENGLUND M, et al. Review of state of the art methods for measuring water in landfills[J]. Waste Management, 2007, 27(6): 729-745.
    [4]
    陈云敏. 环境土工基本理论及工程应用[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2014, 36(1): 1-46. (CHEN Yun-min. A fundamental theory of environmental geotechnics and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(1): 1-46. (in Chinese))
    [5]
    谭捍华, 傅鹤林. TDR技术在公路边坡监测中的应用试验[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(4): 1331-1336. (TAN Han-hua, FU He-lin. Testing study of application of time domain reflectometry to highway slope monitoring[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(4): 1331-1336. (in Chinese))
    [6]
    梁志刚, 陈云敏, 陈仁朋, 等. 同轴电缆电磁波反射技术监测滑坡研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2005, 27(4): 453-458. (LIANG Zhi-gang, CHEN Yun-min, CHEN Ren-peng, et al. Studying on applications of coaxial-cable electromagnetic wave reflection technique in monitoring slope stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2005, 27(4): 453-458. (in Chinese))
    [7]
    TOPP G C, DAVIS J L, ANNAN A P. Electromagnetic determination of soil-water content: measurements in coaxial transmission-lines[J]. Water Resources Research, 1980, 16(3): 574-582.
    [8]
    HOOK W R, LIVINGSTON N J. Errors in converting time domain reflectometry measurements of propagation velocity to estimates of soil water content[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1996, 60(1): 35-41.
    [9]
    YU C, WARRICK A W, CONKLIN M H, et al. Two-and three-parameter calibrations of time domain reflectometry for soil moisture measurement[J]. Water Resources Research, 1997, 33(10): 2417-2421.
    [10]
    MASBRUCH K, FERRÉ T P A. A Time domain transmission method for determining the dependence of the dielectric permittivity on volumetric water content[J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2003, 2(2): 186-192.
    [11]
    LEDIEU J, DE RIDDER P, DE CLERCK P, et al. A method of measuring soil moisture by time-domain reflectometry[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1986, 88(3): 319-328.
    [12]
    MALICKI M A, PLAGGE R, ROTH C H. Improving the calibration of dielectric TDR soil moisture determination taking into account the solid soil[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1996, 47(3): 357-366.
    [13]
    DRNEVICH V P, ASHMAWY A K, YU X, et al. Time domain reflectometry for water content and density of soils: study of soil-dependent calibration constants[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2005, 42(4): 1053-1065.
    [14]
    SIDDIQUI S I, DRNEVICH V P. A new method of measuring density and moisture content of soil using the technique of time domain reflectometry[R]. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 1995.
    [15]
    YU X, DRNEVICH V P. Soil water content and dry density by time domain reflectometry[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2004, 130(9): 922-934.
    [16]
    ABU-HASSANEIN Z S, BENSON C H, BLOTZ L R. Electrical resistivity of compacted clays[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1996, 122(5): 397-406.
    [17]
    ZAMBRANO C E. Soil type identification using time domain reflectometry[D]. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 2006.
    [18]
    JUNG S. New methodology for soil characterization using time domain reflectometry (TDR)[D]. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 2011.
    [19]
    ASTM D 6780—12. Standard test method for water content and density of soil in place by time domain reflectometry (TDR)[S]. 2012.
    [20]
    ASTM D 698—12. Standard test method for water content and density of soil in place by time domain reflectometry (TDR)[S]. 2012.
    [21]
    ASTM D 1557—09. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort[S]. 2009.
    [22]
    ASTM D 698—07. Standard test method for water content and density of soil in place by time domain reflectometry (TDR)[S]. 2007.
    [23]
    ASTM D 2487—10. Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes[S]. 2010.
    [24]
    LIN C P. Time domain reflectometry for soil properties[D]. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 1999.
    [25]
    WRAITH J M, OR D. Temperature effects on soil bulk dielectric permittivity measured by time domain reflectometry: Experimental evidence and hypothesis development[J]. Water Resources Research, 1999, 35(2): 361-369.
    [26]
    ROBINSON D A, JONES S B, WRAITH J M, et al. A review of advances in dielectric and electrical conductivity measurement in soils using time domain reflectometry[J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2003, 2(4): 444-475.
    [27]
    SCHANZ T, BAILLE W, TUAN L N. Effects of temperature on measurements of soil water content with time domain reflectometry[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2011, 34(1).
    [28]
    PEPIN S, LIVINGSTON N J, HOOK W R. Temperature-dependent measurement errors in time domain reflectometry determinations of soil water[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1995, 59(1): 38-43.
    [29]
    PERSSON M, BERNDTSSON R. Texture and electrical conductivity effects on temperature dependency in time domain reflectometry[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1998, 62(4): 887-893.
    [30]
    王进学. 离子污染饱和无黏性土电导率特性及TDR测试技术[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2008. (WANG Jin-xue. Electrical conductivities of ionic contaminated saturated sandy soils and TDR measurement[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2007. (in Chinese))

Catalog

    Article views (359) PDF downloads (325) Cited by()
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return