Method and application of deformation control of excavations in soft ground

ZHENG Gang

doi:10.11779/CJGE202201001

Volume 44 Issue 1

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering > 2022 > 44(1): 1-36. > DOI: 10.11779/CJGE202201001

ZHENG Gang. Method and application of deformation control of excavations in soft ground[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44(1): 1-36. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE202201001

Citation:

ZHENG Gang. Method and application of deformation control of excavations in soft ground[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44(1): 1-36. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE202201001

Citation:

ZHENG Gang. Method and application of deformation control of excavations in soft ground[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44(1): 1-36. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE202201001

PDF (11459 KB)

Method and application of deformation control of excavations in soft ground

ZHENG Gang^{1, 2, 3,}

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety, Ministry of Education(Tianjin University)
3.
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

More Information

Received Date: November 30, 2021
Available Online: September 22, 2022

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

The main task of excavations in soft ground is the deformation control, which is closely rated to their safety and environmental impact. With the increase of the buildings and structures in the urban areas, the construction-induced deformation has become the focus of the excavations. The characteristics, mechanism and environmental impact of the deformation caused by each excavation phase are analyzed in a view of the whole-process control. Furthermore, the control methods for the deformation and environmental impact of the excavations are classified into two types, i.e., the control based on the retaining system of the excavations and that based on the protected objects adjacent to them. For the latter type, the active control theory is proposed focusing on the deformation of the protected objects instead of the retaining system. This active targeting technology integrated with the measurement and control for the protected objects is realized by controlling the stress and deformation of the key zone. Finally, the strut-free retaining theory is proposed and a series of strut-free retaining technologies are developed for the excavations in soft ground. The design of strut-free retaining for the excavations with relatively large depth can be realized using these technologies. The theories and applications of the whole-process control, the active control and the strut-free retaining system promote the deformation control of the excavations towards the efficient, intelligent, green and low-carbon aim.
- excavation,
- deformation control,
- whole process,
- strut-free retaining,
- active control

FullText(HTML)

References (61)

References

[1]	郑刚, 朱合华, 刘新荣, 等. 基坑工程与地下工程安全及环境影响控制[J]. 土木工程学报, 2016, 49(6): 1–24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TMGC201606001.htm ZHENG Gang, ZHU He-hua, LIU Xin-rong, et al. Control of safety of deep excavations and underground engineering and its impact on surrounding environment[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2016, 49(6): 1–24. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TMGC201606001.htm
[2]	郑刚, 曾超峰. 基坑开挖前潜水降水引起的地下连续墙侧移研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(12): 2153–2163. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201312002.htm ZHENG Gang, ZENG Chao-feng. Lateral displacement of diaphragm wall by dewatering of phreatic water before excavation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(12): 2153–2163. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201312002.htm
[3]	曾超峰, 郑刚, 薛秀丽. 大面积基坑开挖前预降水对支护墙变形的影响研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2017, 39(6): 1012–1021. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201706008.htm ZENG Chao-feng, ZHENG Gang, XUE Xiu-li. Wall deflection induced by pre-excavation dewatering in large-scale excavations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(6): 1012–1021. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201706008.htm
[4]	曾超峰, 薛秀丽, 郑刚. 软土区基坑预降水引起支护墙侧移的典型参数影响研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2017, 38(11): 3295–3303, 3318. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201711028.htm ZENG Chao-feng, XUE Xiu-li, ZHENG Gang. A parametric study of lateral displacement of support wall induced by foundation pre-dewatering in soft ground[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(11): 3295–3303, 3318. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201711028.htm
[5]	ZENG C F, ZHENG G, ZHOU X F, et al. Behaviours of wall and soil during pre-excavation dewatering under different foundation pit widths[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2019, 115: 103169. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103169
[6]	ZHENG G, CAO J R, CHENG X S, et al. Experimental study on the artificial recharge of semiconfined aquifers involved in deep excavation engineering[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 557: 868–877. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.020
[7]	ZENG C F, XUE X L, ZHENG G, et al. Responses of retaining wall and surrounding ground to pre-excavation dewatering in an alternated multi-aquifer-aquitard system[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 559: 609–626. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.02.069
[8]	郑刚, 曾超峰, 薛秀丽. 承压含水层局部降压引起土体沉降机理及参数分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2014, 36(5): 802–817. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201405003.htm ZHENG Gang, ZENG Chao-feng, XUE Xiu-li. Settlement mechanism of soils induced by local pressure-relief of confined aquifer and parameter analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(5): 802–817. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201405003.htm
[9]	ZENG C F, ZHENG G, XUE X L, et al. Combined recharge: a method to prevent ground settlement induced by redevelopment of recharge wells[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 568: 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.051
[10]	曹剑然. 天津地区基坑工程中承压层回灌控沉理论与技术研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2018. CAO Jian-ran. Study on the Theory and Technology of Recharge and Subsidence Control of Confined Layer in Excavation Engineering in Tianjin Area[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[11]	郑刚, 曹剑然, 程雪松, 等. 天津第二粉土粉砂微承压含水层回灌试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2018, 40(4): 592–601. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201804004.htm ZHENG Gang, CAO Jian-ran, CHENG Xue-song, et al. Experimental study on artificial recharge of second Tianjin silt and silty sand micro-confined aquifer[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2018, 40(4): 592–601. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201804004.htm
[12]	哈达, 朱敢平, 李竹, 等. 天津市承压含水层条件下地下连续墙深度优化[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2018, 14(2): 490–499. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BASE201802027.htm HA Da, ZHU Gan-ping, LI Zhu, et al. Underground diaphragm wall depth optimization considering the confined aquifer in Tianjin[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2018, 14(2): 490–499. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BASE201802027.htm
[13]	孙宏宾, 郑刚, 程雪松, 等. 软土地区CFG桩群孔效应引发周边土体变形机理研究[J]. 石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 31(1): 39–46, 54. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJZT201801008.htm SUN Hong-bin, ZHENG Gang, CHENG Xue-song, et al. Study on the mechanism of soil deformation caused by the borehole group effect of CFG piles in soft soil area[J]. Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 31(1): 39–46, 54. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJZT201801008.htm
[14]	郑刚, 王若展, 程雪松, 等. 软土地区桩基施工群孔效应作用机理研究[J]. 天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版), 2019, 52(增刊1): 1–8. ZHENG Gang, WANG Ruo-zhan, CHENG Xue-song, et al. Mechanism of borehole group effect induced by pile foundation construction in soft soils[J]. Journal of Tianjin University (Science and Technology), 2019, 52(S1): 1–8. (in Chinese)
[15]	郑刚, 李溪源, 王若展, 等. 群孔效应对周边环境影响的控制措施研究[J]. 石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 33(2): 8–15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJZT202002003.htm ZHENG Gang, LI Xi-yuan, WANG Ruo-zhan, et al. Research on control measures of influence of borehole group on surrounding environment[J]. Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 33(2): 8–15. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJZT202002003.htm
[16]	李姝婷. 地下连续墙施工引起的土体变形实测与数值分析研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2014. LI Shu-ting. Field Monitoring and Numerical Analysis of Ground Movements due to Diaphragm Wall Installation[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[17]	郑刚, 邓旭, 刘畅, 等. 不同维护结构变形模式对坑外深层土体位移场影响的对比分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2014, 36(2): 273–285. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201402003.htm ZHENG Gang, DENG Xu, LIU Chang, et al. Comparative analysis of influences of different deformation modes of retaining structures on displacement field of deep soils outside excavations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(2): 273–285. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201402003.htm
[18]	龚晓南. 深基坑工程设计施工手册[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 1998. GONG Xiao-nan. Construction Design Manual of Deep Excavation[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1998. (in Chinese)
[19]	郑刚, 李志伟. 不同围护结构变形形式的基坑开挖对邻近建筑物的影响对比分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2012, 34(6): 969–977. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201206003.htm ZHENG Gang, LI Zhi-wei. Comparative analysis of responses of buildings adjacent to excavations with different deformation modes of retaining walls[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(6): 969–977. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201206003.htm
[20]	郑刚, 李志伟. 基坑开挖对邻近不同楼层建筑物影响的有限元分析[J]. 天津大学学报, 2012, 45(9): 829–837. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDX201209015.htm ZHENG Gang, LI Zhi-wei. Finite element analysis of response of building with different storeys adjacent to pit excavation[J]. Journal of Tianjin University, 2012, 45(9): 829–837. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDX201209015.htm
[21]	郑刚, 王琦, 邓旭, 等. 不同围护结构变形模式对坑外既有隧道变形影响的对比分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2015, 37(7): 1181–1194. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201507004.htm ZHENG Gang, WANG Qi, DENG Xu, et al. Comparative analysis of influences of different deformation modes of retaining structures on deformation of existing tunnels outside excavations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(7): 1181–1194. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201507004.htm
[22]	郑刚, 李志伟. 基坑开挖对邻近任意角度建筑物影响的有限元分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2012, 34(4): 615–624. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201204008.htm ZHENG Gang, LI Zhi-wei. Finite element analysis of response of buildings with arbitrary angle adjacent to excavations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(4): 615–624. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201204008.htm
[23]	城市轨道交通结构安全保护技术规范: GJJ/T 202—2013[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2013. Technical Specification for Structural Safety Protection of Urban Rail Transit: GJJ/T 202—2013[S]. China Architecture & Building Press, 2013. (in Chinese)
[24]	ZHENG G, TONG J B, ZHANG T Q, et al. Progression of backward erosion piping with sudden and gradual hydraulic loads[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2021: 1–7.
[25]	VAN BEEK V M, BEZUIJEN A, SELLMEIJER J B, et al. Initiation of backward erosion piping in uniform sands[J]. Géotechnique, 2014, 64(12): 927–941. doi: 10.1680/geot.13.P.210
[26]	VAN BEEK V M, VAN ESSEN H M, VANDENBOER K, et al. Developments in modelling of backward erosion piping[J]. Géotechnique, 2015, 65(9): 740–754. doi: 10.1680/geot.14.P.119
[27]	VANDENBOER K, VAN BEEK V M, BEZUIJEN A. 3D character of backward erosion piping[J]. Géotechnique, 2018, 68(1): 86–90. doi: 10.1680/jgeot.16.P.091
[28]	郑刚, 程雪松. 长短桩组合排桩悬臂支护工作机理试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2008, 30(增刊1): 410–415. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2008S1089.htm ZHENG Gang, CHENG Xue-song. Experimental study on cantilever contiguous retaining piles with different lengths[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2008, 30(S1): 410–415. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2008S1089.htm
[29]	李竹, 郑刚, 王海旭. 带水平支撑长短桩组合排桩工作性状模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2010, 32(增刊1): 440–446. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2010S1087.htm LI Zhu, ZHENG Gang, WANG Hai-xu. Model tests on work behaviors of retaining piles with different lengths and horizontal support[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2010, 32(S1): 440–446. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2010S1087.htm
[30]	CHEN R P, MENG F Y, LI Z C, et al. Investigation of response of metro tunnels due to adjacent large excavation and protective measures in soft soils[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2016, 58: 224–235. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2016.06.002
[31]	王卫东, 沈健, 翁其平, 等. 基坑工程对邻近地铁隧道影响的分析与对策[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2006, 28(增刊1): 1340–1345. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2006S1006.htm WANG Wei-dong, SHEN Jian, WENG Qi-ping, et al. Analysis and countermeasures of influence of excavation on adjacent tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2006, 28(S1): 1340–1345. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2006S1006.htm
[32]	郑刚, 潘军, 程雪松, 等. 基坑开挖引起隧道水平变形的被动与注浆主动控制研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(7): 1181–1190. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201907002.htm ZHENG Gang, PAN Jun, CHENG Xue-song, et al. Passive control and active grouting control of horizontal deformation of tunnels induced neighboring excavation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(7): 1181–1190. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201907002.htm
[33]	ZHENG G, PAN J, CHENG X S, et al. Use of grouting to control horizontal tunnel deformation induced by adjacent excavation[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2020, 146(7): 05020004. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002276
[34]	秦宏亮. 钢支撑轴力伺服系统技术在基坑开挖中的应用[J]. 建筑施工, 2019, 41(7): 1195–1198. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZSG201907005.htm QIN Hong-liang. Application of steel support axis force servo system technology to foundation pit excavation[J]. Building Construction, 2019, 41(7): 1195–1198. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZSG201907005.htm
[35]	DIAO Y, BI C, DU Y M, et al. Greenfield test and numerical study on grouting in silty clay to control horizontal displacement of underground facilities[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2021, 21(10): 04021178. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002140
[36]	刁钰, 李光帅, 郑刚. 一种控制土体变形的单点囊式注浆装置: CN208235526U[P]. 2018-12-14. DIAO Yu, LI Guang-shuai, ZHENG Gang. Single-Point Capsule Grouting Device to Control Soil Deformation: CN208235526U[P]. 2018-12-14. (in Chinese)
[37]	刁钰, 杨超, 郑刚. 一种控制土体变形的多点囊式注浆装置及其方法: CN208235526U[P]. 2018-12-14. DIAO Yu, Yang Chao, ZHENG Gang. Multiple-Point Capsule Grouting Device to Control Soil Deformation Device: CN208235524U[P]. 2018-12-14. (in Chinese)
[38]	ZHENG G, SU Y M, DIAO Y, et al. Field measurements and analysis of real-time capsule grouting to protect existing tunnel adjacent to excavation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021, 122: 104350.
[39]	ZHENG G, HUANG J Y, DIAO Y, et al. Formulation and performance of slow-setting cement-based grouting paste (SCGP) for capsule grouting technology using orthogonal test[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 302: 124204. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124204
[40]	曾超峰, 薛秀丽, 郑刚. 基坑工程长期地下水回灌控沉应注意的几个问题[J]. 土木工程学报, 2019, 52(增刊2): 127–131. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TMGC2019S2018.htm ZENG Chao-feng, XUE Xiu-li, ZHENG Gang. Problems needed to be noticed for artificial recharge in deep excavation for settlement control[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2019, 52(S2): 127–131. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TMGC2019S2018.htm
[41]	郑刚, 哈达, 程雪松, 等. 回灌开启时间对地层沉降与应力应变的影响[J]. 天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版), 2020, 53(2): 180–191. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDX202002009.htm ZHENG Gang, HA Da, CHENG Xue-song, et al. Impact of recharge wells' opening time on the subsidence, stress, and strain of soil[J]. Journal of Tianjin University (Science and Technology), 2020, 53(2): 180–191. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDX202002009.htm
[42]	HA D, ZHENG G, ZHOU H Z, et al. Estimation of hydraulic parameters from pumping tests in a multiaquifer system[J]. Underground Space, 2020, 5(3): 210–222. doi: 10.1016/j.undsp.2019.03.006
[43]	郑刚, 曾超峰, 刘畅, 等. 天津首例基坑工程承压含水层回灌实测研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(增刊2): 491–495. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2013S2084.htm ZHENG Gang, ZENG Chao-feng, LIU Chang, et al. Field observation of artificial recharge of confined water in first excavation case in Tianjin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(S2): 491–495. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2013S2084.htm
[44]	郑刚, 曹剑然, 程雪松, 等. 考虑承压含水层间越流的地下水回灌现场试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(9): 1609–1618. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201909005.htm ZHENG Gang, CAO Jian-ran, CHENG Xue-song, et al. Field tests on groundwater recharge considering leakage between semiconfined aquifers[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(9): 1609–1618. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201909005.htm
[45]	岳清瑞. 钢结构与可持续发展[J]. 建筑, 2021(13): 20–21, 23. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JANZ202113007.htm YUE Qing-rui. Steel structure and sustainable development[J]. Construction and Architecture, 2021(13): 20–21, 23. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JANZ202113007.htm
[46]	郑刚, 陈红庆, 雷扬, 等. 基坑开挖反压土作用机制及其简化分析方法研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2007, 28(6): 1161–1166. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2007.06.018 ZHENG Gang, CHEN Hong-qing, LEI Yang, et al. A study of mechanism of earth berm and simplified analysis method for excavation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(6): 1161–1166. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2007.06.018
[47]	李顺群, 郑刚, 王英红. 反压土对悬臂式支护结构嵌固深度的影响研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2011, 32(11): 3427–3431, 3436. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2011.11.037 LI Shun-qun, ZHENG Gang, WANG Ying-hong. Influence of earth berm on embedment depth of cantilever retaining structure for pit excavation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(11): 3427–3431, 3436. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2011.11.037
[48]	郑刚, 李欣, 刘畅, 等. 考虑桩土相互作用的双排桩分析[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2004, 25(1): 99–106. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6869.2004.01.014 ZHENG Gang, LI Xin, LIU Chang, et al. Analysis of double-row piles in consideration of the pile-soil interaction[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2004, 25(1): 99–106. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6869.2004.01.014
[49]	郑刚, 郭一斌, 聂东清, 等. 大面积基坑多级支护理论与工程应用实践[J]. 岩土力学, 2014, 35(增刊2): 290–298. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX2014S2041.htm ZHENG Gang, GUO Yi-bin, NIE Dong-qing, et al. Theory of multi-bench retaining for large area foundation pit and its engineering application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2014, 35(S2): 290–298. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX2014S2041.htm
[50]	ZHOU H Z, ZHENG G, HE X P, et al. Numerical modelling of retaining structure displacements in multi-bench retained excavations[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2020, 15(9): 2691–2703. doi: 10.1007/s11440-020-00947-3
[51]	郑刚, 程雪松, 刁钰. 无支撑多级支护结构稳定性与破坏机理分析[J]. 天津大学学报, 2013, 46(4): 304–314. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDX201304005.htm ZHENG Gang, CHENG Xue-song, DIAO Yu. Analysis of the stability and collapse mechanism of non-prop and multi-stage retaining structure[J]. Journal of Tianjin University, 2013, 46(4): 304–314. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDX201304005.htm
[52]	任望东, 张同兴, 张大明, 等. 深基坑多级支护破坏模式及稳定性参数分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(增刊2): 919–922. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2013S2173.htm REN Wang-dong, ZHANG Tong-xing, ZHANG Da-ming, et al. Parametric analysis of failure modes and stability of muti-level retaining structure in deep excavations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(S2): 919–922. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2013S2173.htm
[53]	郑刚, 聂东清, 刁钰, 等. 基坑多级支护破坏模式研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2017, 38(增刊1): 313–322. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX2017S1047.htm ZHENG Gang, NIE Dong-qing, DIAO Yu, et al. Failure mechanism of multi-bench retained foundation pit[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(S1): 313–322. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX2017S1047.htm
[54]	郑刚, 聂东清, 程雪松, 等. 基坑分级支护的模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2017, 39(5): 784–794. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201705003.htm ZHENG Gang, NIE Dong-qing, CHENG Xue-song, et al. Experimental study on multi-bench retaining foundation pit[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(5): 784–794. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201705003.htm
[55]	刘杰, 郑刚, 聂东清. 天津软土地区深基坑多级支护结构变形的参数分析[J]. 石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 31(1): 47–54. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJZT201801009.htm LIU Jie, ZHENG Gang, NIE Dong-qing. Parametric analysis on deformation of multi-bench retaining system of deep foundation pit in Tianjin soft ground area[J]. Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 31(1): 47–54. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJZT201801009.htm
[56]	郑刚, 白若虚. 倾斜单排桩在水平荷载作用下的性状研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2010, 32(增刊1): 39–45. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2010S1009.htm ZHENG Gang, BAI Ruo-xu. Behaviors study of inclined single row contiguous retaining piles under horizontal force[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2010, 32(S1): 39–45. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2010S1009.htm
[57]	DIAO Y, ZHU P Y, JIA Z Y, et al. Stability analysis and safety factor prediction of excavation supported by inclined piles in clay[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2021, 140: 104420. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104420
[58]	周海祚, 郑刚, 何晓佩, 等. 基坑倾斜桩支护稳定特性及分析方法研究[J/OL]. 岩土工程学报: 1-8. [2021-12-02]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1124.tu.20210809.1654.004.html. ZHOU Hai-zuo, ZHENG Gang, HE Xiao-pei, et al. Study on stability characteristics and analysis method of inclined retaining walls in excavations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 1-8. [2021-12-02]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1124.tu.20210809.1654.004.html. (in Chinese)
[59]	郑刚, 王玉萍, 程雪松, 等. 基坑倾斜桩支护性能及机理大型模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2021, 43(9): 1581–1591. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC202109003.htm ZHENG Gang, WANG Yu-ping, CHENG Xue-song, et al. Large-scale model tests on performance and mechanism of inclined retaining structures of excavations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 43(9): 1581–1591. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC202109003.htm
[60]	郑刚, 何晓佩, 周海祚, 等. 基坑斜-直交替支护桩工作机理分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(增刊1): 97–100. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2019S1026.htm ZHENG Gang, HE Xiao-pei, ZHOU Hai-zuo, et al. Working mechanism of inclined-vertical retaining piles in excavations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(S1): 97–100. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC2019S1026.htm
[61]	郑刚, 吴小波, 周海祚, 等. 基坑倾斜桩无支撑支护机理与工程应用[J]. 施工技术, 2021, 50(13): 157–162, 178. ZHENG Gang, WU Xiao-bo, ZHOU Hai-zuo, et al. Supporting method and applications of incline retaining piles in foundation excavation[J]. Construction Technology, 2021, 50(13): 157–162, 178. (in Chinese)