Numerical simulation of negative pressure penetration of suction anchor foundation based on CFD-DEM fluid solid coupling method
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摘要: 吸力锚基础作为一种新型高效的海洋结构物基础形式在海洋工程中得到了广泛应用。对于砂土中的吸力锚沉贯研究，传统试验或有限元数值模拟存在一定局限性。采用基于离散单元法与计算流体动力学理论（CFD-DEM）流固耦合方法对吸力锚在砂土中的吸力贯入过程进行数值模拟分析；通过与室内物理模型试验、沉贯阻力理论解析计算结果进行对比分析，验证CFD-DEM流固耦合方法的有效性和准确性。进一步地，从土颗粒细观尺度上深入分析吸力锚在砂土中沉贯特性。数值模拟捕捉到贯入过程中锚内土塞和砂层变化现象，发现砂层呈现出中间向上凸起的弧状分布，说明贯入产生挤土效应，其造成的土体位移和膨胀也是土塞产生的原因。同时模拟得到贯入过程中的超孔隙水压力等势线分布变化情况和锚内砂层水力梯度的变化情况，证实了砂土中吸力贯入的“安全机制”。最后将数值所得的锚外负压比变化与Houlsby和Byrne理论模型计算结果进行对比，得到锚内土体渗透系数随沉贯的变化规律。通过本研究验证，采用离散元法结合计算流体动力学理论有效地模拟和捕捉吸力锚沉贯过程中的细观土水相互作用、宏观土体变形及渗流场分布等现象，该方法可作为吸力锚沉贯特性研究的一种有效手段。
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关键词:
- CFD-DEM耦合方法 /
- 吸力锚 /
- 土塞 /
- 负压沉贯
Abstract: As a new-type and efficient marine structure foundation form, the suction anchor is widely used in ocean engineering. However, the traditional laboratory tests and the finite element numerical simulations have limitations in studying the penetration of suction anchors in granular materials such as sand. The fluid-solid coupling method based on the discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics theory (CFD-DEM) is used to numerically simulate the penetration of the suction anchors in sand. The effectiveness and accuracy of the CFD-DEM fluid-solid coupling method are verified by comparing with these of the laboratory suction penetration tests and the theoretical analysis of penetration resistance. The penetration mechanism of the suction anchors in sand is explained from the mesoscopic scale of soil particles. The changes of soil plug and sand layer inside the anchor during the penetration process are obtained, which shows that the sand layer presents a convex arc distribution in the middle, indicating the compaction effects. The soil displacement and expansion caused by the compaction effects are also part of the reasons for the soil heave. Simultaneously, the equipotential distribution of the excess pore water pressure changes and the changes in the hydraulic gradient of the sand layer during the penetration process are simulated, which confirms the "safety mechanism" of suction penetration in the sand. Finally, the change of negative pressure loss ratio is compared with the results of Houlsby and Byrne's theoretical model, and the variation law of permeability coefficient of soil inside the anchor with penetration is obtained. In this study, it is proved that the CFD-DEM is an efficient method to analyze the suction installation of the suction anchors in sand.-
Keywords:
- CFD-DEM coupling method /
- suction anchor /
- sand plug /
- negative pressure penetration
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图 3 吸力锚贯入数值模型及边界条件
Figure 3. CFD-DEM model for penetration of suction anchor and boundary conditions
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图 6 土塞隆起高度随负压沉贯深度的变化曲线
Figure 6. Variation of height of soil plug with penetration depth ratio
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图 8 土层中细粒向上运移产生错层现象
Figure 8. Upward migration of fine particles in soil layer and phenomenon of cross-bedding
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图 9 不同贯入深度时的压力等势线分布图
Figure 9. Distribution of pressure isopotential lines at different penetration depths
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图 10 顶面流量Q及锚底向内水平流速ub随贯入深度变化
Figure 10. Variation of flowrate at outlet and horizontal fluid velocity at bottom of bucket during penetration
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图 11 锚体内砂层水力梯度i随贯入深度变化
Figure 11. Variation of hydraulic gradient of soil layers inside suction bucket during penetration
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图 12 锚外负压比随沉贯深度变化曲线
Figure 12. Variation of negative pressure loss ratio outside bucket during penetration
表 1 模型试验中吸力锚模型尺寸参数
Table 1 Dimensions of model suction anchor
锚长度H/
mm内径Di/
mm外径Do/
mm壁厚t/
mm长径比 150 150 158 4 1 
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