Measurement and analysis of shrinkage stress of expansive soils during drying process
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摘要: 膨胀土在膨胀过程中会产生膨胀应力,收缩过程中亦会产生收缩应力。探究膨胀土在干燥过程中收缩应力的变化规律对理解收缩变形机制有重要意义。为了掌握膨胀土在干燥过程中内部收缩应力与含水率及吸力之间的关系,在控制相对湿度条件下开展了一系列干燥试验。试验中共配置了3组初始饱和的泥浆样,将试样分别置于装有不同过饱和盐溶液的保湿器中,并在恒温20℃的条件下进行干燥,实时记录试样含水率的变化。此外,在试验过程中,通过在试样内部植入微型压力传感器来测定土体收缩应力随干燥时间的变化。试验结果表明：①在不同相对湿度条件下,土体内水分蒸发特性不同,如相对湿度越小,土体水分蒸发的越快,且蒸发结束后,土体残余含水率越低;②干燥过程中,土体内收缩应力呈现明显的阶段性变化特征。干燥前期,收缩应力随时间的推移增加缓慢,但当达到临界时间点ts或临界含水率ws以后,收缩应力随着干燥的持续开始急剧增加,并且蒸发速率越大,ts和ws越小;③干燥结束后,土体内部收缩应力与环境相对湿度呈负相关,与对应吸力呈正相关。Abstract: During the expansion process, the expansive soils will produce expansion stress and vice versa. Therefore, it is very significant to explore the change of the shrinkage stress of the expansive soils during drying. In order to investigate the relationship among internal shrinkage stress of expansive soils, water content and suction during the drying shrinkage process, a series of desiccation tests are conducted under different relative humidity conditions. In the tests, three slurry samples of the initial saturation are prepared and respectively placed in humidifiers with different over-saturated salt solutions and then dried at a constant temperature of 20℃. The change of water content is recorded in real-time. Additionally, the micropressure sensors are embedded in these samples to measure the change of the internal shrinkage stress during drying. The results show that: (1) The evaporation characteristics of soil water are different under different relative humidity conditions. For example, the smaller the relative humidity, the faster the soil water evaporates, and the lower the residual water content of the soils. (2) During the process of drying, the internal shrinkage stress in the soils shows obviously phasic variation. The shrinkage stress increase slowly in the early drying and then begins to increase sharply with drying when the time or soil water content reaches the critical value ws or ts, which decreases with the increase of evaporation rate. (3) After the evaporation, the shrinkage stress has a negative correlation with the environment relative humidity and has a positive correlation with the corresponding suction.
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Keywords:
- expansive soil /
- drying shrinkage /
- relative humidity /
- shrinkage stress /
- suction /
- measurement and analysis
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