Mechanical properties of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles and studies on meso-damage constitutive model
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摘要: 针对寒区岩体工程中岩石的冻融问题，选取砂岩为试样，通过进行室内冻融循环试验、扫描电子显微镜观测和三轴压缩试验对砂岩质量损失、微观结构和力学特性进行了分析。然后基于Lemaitre应变等效假设理论，通过引入能够反映岩石冻融破坏过程中的细观冻融损伤变量和力损伤变量来描述岩石材料的劣化程度及损伤演化规律，并采用连续损伤力学理论，建立了冻融与围压耦合作用下岩石的损伤演化方程及细观损伤本构模型。采用理论推导的方法得出所需的模型参数表达式，最后利用冻融岩石的三轴压缩试验数据对该模型的合理性和准确性进行了验证。将试验曲线的峰值点与模型理论曲线的峰值点进行对比，结果表明两者吻合度较好，该损伤本构模型能够较好地反映岩石三轴压缩过程的应力-应变峰值特性，验证了该模型及模型参数确定方法的合理性与可靠性。该模型拓展了岩石在冻融与围压耦合作用下的损伤模型，进一步的揭示了岩石在冻融与围压耦合作用下的损伤机制和破坏规律。Abstract: To address the freeze-thaw problems of rocks in cold-zone rock engineering, the sandstone is selected as the specimen and analyzed for mass loss, microstructure and mechanical properties by conducting the cyclic indoor freeze-thaw tests, scanning electron microscope observations and triaxial compression tests. Then, based on the Lemaitre strain equivalence hypothesis theory, the meso-scale freeze-thaw damage variables and force damage variables are introduced to reflect the process of freeze-thaw damage of the rocks to describe the degree of deterioration of rock materials and the damage evolution law. Using the continuous damage mechanics theory, the damage evolution equation and the meso-scale damage constitutive model for the rocks under the coupling of freeze-thaw and cofining pressure are established. The theoretical derivation method is used to obtain the required expressions for model parameters. Finally, the rationality and accuracy of the model are verified by the triaxial compression test data of freeze-thaw of the rocks. The peak points of the test curve are compared with those of the theoretical curve by the model, and the results show that they are in good agreement. The damage constitutive model can better reflect the stress-strain peak characteristics of the rocks during triaxial compression, which verifies the rationality and reliability of the proposed model and the relevant method for determining the model parameters. This model expands the damage model for the rocks under the coupling of freeze-thaw and confining pressure and further reveals their damage mechanism and failure law.
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图 2 TZW-3000II岩石真三轴流变试验机
Figure 2. TZW-3000II rock true triaxial rheological testing machine
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图 4 质量变化率随冻融循环温度变化关系曲线
Figure 4. Variation of mass change rate with temperature of freeze-thaw cycle
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图 5 纵波波速变化率随冻融循环温度变化关系曲线
Figure 5. Variation of change rate of longitudinal wave velocity with temperature of freeze-thaw cycle
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图 6 自然状态下和冻融循环80次处理后砂岩的表面细观结构
Figure 6. Surface microstructures of sandstone in natural state and after 80 freeze-thaw cycles
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图 7 不同围压和不同冻融温度作用下的应力-应变曲线
Figure 7. Stress-strain curves under different confining pressures and freeze-thaw temperatures
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图 8 孔隙率随冻融循环次数的拟合曲线
Figure 8. Fitting curves of porosity with number of freeze-thaw cycles
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图 9 冻融循环0次时不同围压作用下试验曲线和理论曲线的峰值点图
Figure 9. Peak points of experimental and theoretical curves under different confining pressures after 0 freeze-thaw cycle
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图 10 冻融循环5次时不同围压作用下试验曲线和理论曲线的峰值点图
Figure 10. Peak points of experimental and theoretical curves under different confining pressures after 5 freeze-thaw cycles
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图 11 冻融循环10次时不同围压作用下试验曲线和理论曲线的峰值点图
Figure 11. Peak points of experimental and theoretical curves under different confining pressures after 10 freeze-thaw cycles
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图 12 冻融循环20次时不同围压作用下试验曲线和理论曲线的峰值点图
Figure 12. Peak points of experimental and theoretical curves under different confining pressures after 20 freeze-thaw cycles
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图 13 冻融循环40次时不同围压作用下试验曲线和理论曲线的峰值点图
Figure 13. Peak points of experimental and theoretical curves under different confining pressures after 40 freeze-thaw cycles
表 1 不同冻融循环次数下岩样的核磁共振孔隙率
Table 1 NMR porosities of rock samples under different freeze-thaw cycles
冻融循环次数 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 孔隙率ϕn/% 5.58 5.76 6.06 6.20 6.33 6.43 6.76 
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表 2 岩样的核磁共振孔隙率
Table 2 NMR porosities of rock samples
冻融循环次数 10 30 50 70 孔隙率ϕn/% 2.83 4.09 7.43 10.13
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表 3 不同冻融循环次数作用下岩样的核磁共振孔隙率拟合值
Table 3 Fitting values of NMR porosity of rock samples under different freeze-thaw cycles
冻融循环次数 0 5 10 20 40 孔隙率拟合值/% 2.062 2.355 2.83 3.502 5.662
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表 4 不同冻融循环次数和不同围压下红砂岩模型计算参数表
Table 4 Model parameters of red sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles and confining pressures
冻融次数 σ3/MPa σp /MPa εp /% m F0/MPa 0 0 4.230 0.4 4.634 1.987 2 14.572 1.1 6.869 3.369 4 19.652 1.3 17.460 3.383 6 24.866 1.6 25.257 3.406 5 0 4.020 0.5 3.127 1.653 2 13.101 1.1 6.556 3.120 4 19.132 1.3 13.958 3.113 6 24.347 1.7 10.828 3.607 10 0 3.800 0.5 3.225 1.651 2 12.701 1.1 4.287 3.124 4 18.910 1.5 5.562 3.602 6 23.519 1.9 5.116 3.880 20 0 3.749 0.6 3.007 1.466 2 11.356 1.2 2.701 2.678 4 18.100 1.8 2.887 3.591 6 22.903 2.1 3.499 4.031 40 0 3.301 0.6 1.286 0.836 2 10.570 1.5 1.408 2.197 4 17.121 1.9 2.367 3.492 6 21.274 2.5 2.121 3.722
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