浅埋爆炸成坑对竖井结构动力响应影响的离心模型试验研究

赵凤奎; 管龙华; 张德志; 卢强; 朱斌; 汪玉冰

doi:10.11779/CJGE20231169

浅埋爆炸成坑对竖井结构动力响应影响的离心模型试验研究 English Version

赵凤奎^{1, 2,},
管龙华¹,
张德志³,
卢强³,
朱斌^{1, 2},
汪玉冰^{1, 2, ,}

1.
浙江大学超重力研究中心, 浙江杭州 310058
2.
浙江大学软弱土与环境土工教育部重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310058
3.
西北核技术研究所强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室, 陕西西安 710024

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目 51988101

详细信息

作者简介:
赵凤奎(1995—)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事地下结构抗爆离心试验研究。E-mail: 22112017@zju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
汪玉冰, E-mail：wangyubing@zju.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU43; O383
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-27
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-15
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-28

Centrifugal model tests on cratering effects on dynamic response of silo under shallowly buried explosion

ZHAO Fengkui^{1, 2,},
GUAN Longhua¹,
ZHANG Dezhi³,
LU Qiang³,
ZHU Bin^{1, 2},
WANG Yubing^{1, 2, ,}

1.
Center for Hypergravity Experiment and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.
MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究发生在竖井结构近区浅埋爆炸成坑效应，依托浙江大学ZJU-400土工离心机开展了3组竖井结构受侧向浅埋爆炸作用离心模型试验，通过对砂土抛掷成坑过程、结构内壁加速度和外壁应变响应分析，得出以下主要结论：相比自由场中爆炸，发生在竖井结构近区的浅埋爆炸，若最大瞬态爆腔未与结构发生接触，结构物的存在将对爆腔膨胀产生约束作用并造成弹坑体积发生缩减；若瞬态爆腔膨胀至竖井边壁，由于爆轰气体与竖井间的碰撞挤压作用，表观弹坑将呈现出不对称性且弹坑体积也将得到增大；随着爆源至结构距离的增加或爆源埋深的减小，结构对弹坑形成的影响逐渐减弱。爆炸成坑对结构动态响应影响显著，相比埋深较大的结构部分，接近或暴露于弹坑范围内的结构部分在受到爆炸冲击时振动响应更为强烈，同时也易产生更大的变形损伤。本研究可为竖井结构的抗爆设计提供依据，也可为后续此类结构在爆炸荷载冲击下的相关性能指标和毁伤效应研究提供参考。
- 竖井结构 /
- 爆炸成坑 /
- 土与结构相互作用 /
- 离心模型试验
Abstract: To study the effects of shallowly buried explosion cratering occurring near the silo, three centrifugal model tests are conducted using the geotechnical centrifuge ZJU400 at Zhejiang University. The cratering process, inner acceleration response and explosion-surface strain response of the silo are analyzed. The results show that: compared with the explosion in the free field, if the maximum transient chamber does not contact with the silo for the shallowly buried explosion occurring near the silo, the volume of crater will shrink because the existence of the structures will constrain the expansion of the chamber. If the transient chamber is in contact with the silo, the apparent crater will be asymmetrical, and the cratering volume will increase because of the collision and extrusion between the explosion gas and the silo. With the increase of the distance between the explosion and the silo or the decrease of the buried depth of explosion, the influences of structure on cratering will gradually decrease. The dynamic response of the silo is significantly affected by the cratering process, that the part of the silo near or exposed within the crater is more susceptible to generate larger deformation and stronger vibration response when subjected to explosion compared to the part with larger buried depth. The research results provide experimental reference for anti-blast design of silo structures, and also throw insight to the researches on the related performance indices and damage effects of such structures under explosion.
- silo /
- explosion cratering /
- soil-structure interaction /
- centrifugal model test

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图 1 试验材料

Figure 1. Test materials

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图 2 竖井结构传感器布设方案

Figure 2. Layout of sensors for silo

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图 3 离心试验布置示意图

Figure 3. Layout of centrifugal model tests

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图 4 爆炸试验舱布置

Figure 4. Setup of explosive test chamber

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图 5 CE-2试验浅埋爆炸抛掷成坑

Figure 5. Cratering process of buried explosion in CE-2

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图 6 浅埋爆炸弹坑轮廓及剖面图

Figure 6. Apparent cratering profiles in buried explosion

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图 7 弹坑等高线图

Figure 7. Contour map of cratering

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图 8 受结构影响爆腔扩张运动分析图

Figure 8. Diagram of chamber expansion motion influenced by structures

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图 9 竖井结构内壁加速度时程曲线

Figure 9. Time-history curves of inner acceleration of silo

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图 10 竖井迎爆面应变峰值分布

Figure 10. Distribution of peak strain in blast-facing surface of silo

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表 1 离心模型试验主要物理量相似比关系

Table 1 Scaling relationships of main parameters in centrifugal model tests

序号	物理量	量纲	相似比尺 (模型∶原型)
1	结构尺寸	[L]	1/106
2	材料密度	[ML^-3]	1
3	弹性模量	[ML^-1T^-2]	1
4	泊松比	—	1
5	能量	[ML²T^-2]	1/106³
6	质量	[M]	1/106³
7	时间	[T]	1/106
8	应力、压强	[ML^-1T^-2]	1
9	振动加速度	[LT^-2]	106
10	振动频率	[T^-1]	106
11	应变	—	1

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表 2 离心模型试验工况

Table 2 Conditions of centrifugal model tests

试验编号	工况	爆源当量W	爆源埋深D_oB	爆距R
CE-1	模型	1 g	80 mm	70 mm
CE-1	原型	1.2 t	8.5 m	7.4 m
CE-2	模型	1 g	80 mm	50 mm
CE-2	原型	1.2 t	8.5 m	5.3 m
CE-3	模型	1 g	40 mm	50 mm
CE-3	原型	1.2 t	4.25 m	5.3 m

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